begin page 121 | back to top

William Blake and His Circle: A Checklist of Publications and Discoveries in 1996

The annual checklist of scholarship and discoveries concerning William Blake and his circle records publications for the current year (say, 1996) and those for previous years which are not recorded in Blake Books (1977) and Blake Books Supplement (1995). The organization of the checklist is as follows:

Division I: William Blake

Part I: Editions, Translations, and Facsimiles of Blake’s Writings
Section A: Original Editions and Reprints
Section B: Collections and Selections
Part II: Reproductions of his Art
Part III: Commercial Book Engravings
Part IV: Catalogues and Bibliographies
Part V: Books Blake Owned
Part VI: Criticism, Biography, and Scholarly Studies

Note: Collections of essays on Blake and issues of periodicals devoted entirely to him are listed in one place, with cross-references to their authors.

Division II: Blake’s Circle

This division is organized by individual (say, William Hayley or John Flaxman), with works by and about Blake’s friends and patrons, living individuals with whom he had significant direct and demonstrable contact. It includes Thomas Butts, Thomas Hartley Cromek, George Cumberland, John Flaxman and his family, Henry Fuseli, Thomas and William Hayley, John Linnell and his family, Samuel Palmer, James Parker, George Richmond, Thomas Stothard, and John Varley. It does not include important contemporaries with whom Blake’s contact was negligible or non-existent such as John Constable and William Wordsworth and Edmund Burke; such major figures are dealt with more comprehensively elsewhere, and the light they throw upon Blake is very dim.

Reviews listed here are only for books which are substantially about Blake, not for those with only, say, a chapter on Blake. These reviews are listed under the book reviewed; the authors of the reviews may be recovered from the index.

In general, Keiko Aoyama is responsible for works in Japanese, and I am greatly indebted to her for her meticulous accuracy and her patience in translating the words and conventions of Japan into our very different context.

I take Blake Books (1977) and Blake Books Supplement (1995), faute de mieux, to be the standard bibliographical authorities on Blake11 Except for the states of the plates for Blake’s commercial book engravings, where the standard authority is R. N. Essick, William Blake’s Commercial Book Illustrations (1991). and have noted significant differences from them.

N.b. I have made no attempt to record manuscripts, typescripts, computer printouts, radio or television broadcasts, calendars, music, pillows,22 For one with part of “The Tyger,” see R. N. Essick, “Blake in the Marketplace, 1996,” Blake, XXX (1997), hereafter cited as Essick, Marketplace, 1996. posters,33 E.g., *The Tyger (Ashington, Northumberland: MidNAG [c. 1976]) Poster No. 35, c. 12 × 18.” published scores,44 For example, §Dmitri Smirnov, Jacob’s Ladder: Blake’s Pictures for 16 Players, Op. 58 (N.Y., 1993); §Dmitri Smirnov, Shest’ Stikhoyvorenii . . . Six Poems by William Blake: For Voice and Organ (1981); §Dmitri Smirnov, Vremena Goda . . .: The Seasons for Violin, Flute, Viola, and Harp (1986). recorded readings and singings, rubber stamps,55 For stamps of America and Essick’s portrait of Blake made by a Santa Barbara firm, see Essick, Marketplace, 1996. T-shirts, tatoos,66 For a tattoo (1993) of “The Ancient of Days” on the left leg of Charles A. Bufalino, see Essick, Marketplace, 1996. video recordings, or email related to Blake.

The chief indices used to discover what relevant works have been published were (1) Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature, LXVIII for 1993 (1995), pp. 374-77 (#5816-5772); (2) BHA: Bibliography of the History of Art, Bibliographie d’Histoire de l’Art (1995); (3) Books in Print (October 1996); (4) British Humanities Index 1995 (1996); (5) English and General Literature Index 1900-1933 (1934), pp. 178-79; . . . 1934-1940 (1941), p. 121; . . . 1941-1947 (1948), pp. 156-57; . . . 1948-1954 (1955), pp. 193-94; . . . 1955-1959 (1960), 122-23; . . . 1960-1964 (1965), pp. 135-36; . . . 1965-1969 (1970), pp. 131-32; . . . 1970-1974 (1975), pp. 150-52; . . . 1975-1979 (1980), pp. 160-61; . . . 1980-1984 (1985), pp. 181-82; . . . 1985-89 (1990), 164-65; . . . 1990-1994 (1995), pp. 180-81;(6) The Romantic Movement: A Selective and Critical Bibliography for 1993 (1994), pp. 65-73, and (7) The Year’s Work in English Studies, LXXIV for 1993 (1996) (by David Worrall).

I am grateful to more friends and correspondents than I can conveniently name, but I must offer special thanks to Julia G. Bentley (for translations from Chinese), John Byrne, D.W. Dörrbecker, Robert N. Essick, Arthur Freeman, William Halloran, Giles Harvey, Nelson Hilton, Ted Hoffman, Heather Howell, Marlborough Rare Books, Michael Millgate, Jeanne Moskal, James Northrup, Michael O’Neill, Oxford University Press, Morton D. Paley, Margaret Sharman, Joseph Viscomi, Xianyi Yang, and especially to Keiko Aoyama and Dr. E. B. Bentley.

begin page 122 | back to top

I should also like to express my gratitude for and joy in a Visiting Research Fellowship at Hatfield College, where much of the work on this checklist was done in the autumn of 1996, and to my colleagues there in the English department of Durham University.

Symbols

*Works prefixed by an asterisk include one or more illustrations by Blake or depicting him. If there are more than 19 illustrations, the number is specified. If the illustrations include all those for a work by Blake, say Thel or Comus, the work is identified.

§Works preceded by a section mark are reported on second-hand authority.

18 Numbers prefixed to Blake’s manuscripts, original editions, and commercial engravings are the standard ones which identify them in Blake Books.

Abbreviations

BB G.E. Bentley, Jr., Blake Books (1977)
BBS Blake Books Supplement (1995)
Blake Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly

Introduction

The number of publications recorded on Blake in this checklist for 1996 is very considerable: over 160 essays, 136 reviews, 13 books on Blake, 14 editions of his poetry, and 10 exhibitions and catalogues of his work in languages as diverse as Catalan, Chinese, Czeck, English, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Scotch, Spanish, and Swedish. However, the flood of new publications is not nearly so great as this implies, for there are only 54 essays, 67 reviews, and nine books from 1996 recorded here. The even larger number of essays and reviews dating from 1784 to 1995 were first noticed in a variety of sources, chiefly English and General Literature Index for 1900-94 and the on-line catalogue of the Research Libraries Group.

The 14 editions of Blake’s poetry newly noted here are mostly of small significance; editions of the Songs translated into Spanish (1987) and Chinese (1988), collections in Chinese (1973), Latvian (1981), Portuguese (1977), Russian (1993), and Scotch (1988), three broadsides (1930, 1968, 1980), and an “Office Drawn from” the Marriage and elsewhere in Blake “for Use of St. Mark’s in-the-Bourie” (1920). Selected Poems (1996) and Songs of Innocence & Experience [sic] (1996) are insufficiently original for the publisher to bother to record the name of the editor. The only likely exception seems to be the two volumes of Jerusalem, edited and translated by Marcello Pagnini (1994), which neither its Italian nor its English publisher seems to be able to supply and on which I can therefore scarcely comment.

In terms of Blake’s original works, the most tantalizing is the discovery of a broken pair of spectacles in Blake’s cottage in Felpham which could have belonged to the poet.

A good deal of new information about the earliest series of colored facsimiles of Blake’s works in illuminated printing by William Muir has been discovered in the Crookshank Collection in the West Sussex Record Office in Chichester. These give details of when copies were sold and which originals were reproduced. They also include fascinating inscriptions attributed to Blake from Thel (A) and Marriage of Heaven and Hell (F) and the allegation that Marriage (F) once belonged to Dante Gabriel Rossetti.

Blake’s designs for Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress have been sold by the Frick Collection in New York, where they were for half a century, and they are now in a private collection in England.

Among Blake’s commercial book engravings, there are a good many new locations recorded here, and a facsimile has been published of George Cumberland’s Attempt to Describe Hafod (1996), though with no new information as to whether Blake had a hand in the engravings in it. And a great store of information about Lavater’s Essays on Physiognomy, in the archive of John Murray, not only demonstrates the conditions in which one of the most distinguished illustrated books of the century was produced but records what Blake was paid for his small part in the enormous undertaking.

The most impressive and significant of the catalogues recorded here is Robin Hamlyn’s William Blake: visiones de mundos eternas for the 1996 exhibition in Madrid. Most of the essays except for Hamlyn’s are curiously irrelevant to Blake and to the pictures and books exhibited, but the works shown are extensive and of the first class, and the 180 color plates include complete reproductions of Songs of Innocence (X), Europe (B), and Job. As there has been very little publication about Blake in Spanish before 1996, this is an astonishing accomplishment.

A large proportion of the essays and reviews published on Blake in 199677 N.b. As usual, I cannot, through linguistic ignorance, comment on the 25 essays published in Japan and the two in Korea. appeared in Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly, in Journal of the Blake Society at St James, and in volumes of reprinted essays edited by Noriko Kawasaki and David Punter. One of the most rewarding of the new essays is that by Joseph Viscomi in Blake, displaying a vast range of new information about Blake’s faithful patron Thomas Butts. Among the fascinating conclusions derived from these facts is that when Butts ordered duplicates of Blake’s designs, he may have intended them for different houses he owned, one of them used for a school for a young ladies, and that the biblical subjects of many of these designs may have had a pedagogical function.

begin page 123 | back to top

Blake also serves Blake scholarship with its extensive reports of “Blake in the Marketplace” by Robert Essick and of “Blake and His Circle,” to which a whole issue is devoted.

One especially rewarding essay is the one by Stuart Peterfreund in Eighteenth-Century Life (1994) with its argument about “Blake—Prophet Against Ideology.” Another is Stephen Prickett’s argument in his Origins of Narrative (1996) concerning “Swedenborg and Blake: The Privatisation of Angels.” And Karen Shabatai’s argument concerning “Blake’s Hostility Towards the Jews” in ELH (1996) raises disturbing issues which warrant serious reflection, though “Blake appears at best uninterested in the ‘Jewish question.’” Michael Grenfell makes an attractive though much overstated case in the Journal of the Blake Society of St James (1996) that “A Gnostic view is ‘the’ key to understanding Blake’s dense mythologies,” and G. E. Bentley, Jr. provides illuminating parallels between the careers of “James Parker and His Partner William Blake” in Studies in Bibliography (1996).

There are the usual quota of attempts to consider Blake in terms of modern intellectual fashions like feminist theology, as well as a number of agreeable diversions. These include James Bogan’s “centrifugal lark” in “Blake on a Bike,” the “electronic concert dedicated to the life and work of William Blake,” and the Blake “Xword” (all in Journal of the Blake Society at St James). A few arguments seem particularly labored or perverse, such as Peter Ackroyd’s claim in The Independent (1993) and elsewhere that Blake was a “Cockney” (in the novel sense that he “expressed the true nature and spirit of London”). I should relish hearing that great London-lover Dr. Johnson respond to the allegation that he was a Cockney. Some arguments seem to be expiring, like Laocoön, in the grip of irresistible critical jargon, such as the claims that “Blake appropriates the homology between biological and non-biological creativity to address the politics of the copied text” (Julia Wright), that Molly Anne Rothenberg’s book is written “in post-structuralist and ‘post-post-structuralist’ terms,” and that in Jeanne Moskal’s book “the intrapsychic wins out over the intersubjective.”

Though a number of critical books are newly recorded here, few have much pretension to novelty. Noriko Kawasaki’s Eden wa Kitaka: William Blake Ronshu: On the Location of Eden: Studies on William Blake (1996) reprints five of her essays in Japanese (1988-95), one of them translated from English for the purpose, and David Punter’s William Blake (1996) reprints 10 essays of 1970-87 by various authors. Victor Paananen’s William Blake (1996) is an “Updated Edition” of a modest little book first published in 1977. I have not been able to see, and therefore cannot comment on, Richard O’Keefe’s Mythic Archetypes in Ralph Waldo Emerson: A Blakean Reading (1995) (except to say that it is presumably a revised version of his dissertation), François Piquet’s Blake et le Sacré (1996) (ibid.) or William Richey’s Blake’s Altering Aesthetic (announced for November 1996).

Violet Tengberg’s William Blake’s “The Tyger”: En konstvelenskaplig analys och tolkning (1994) is a study in Swedish of the Songs, reproduced from typescript and of modest dimensions and pretensions.

The two most substantial new critical books recorded here are Frank Vaughan’s Again to the Life of Eternity: William Blake’s Illustrations to the Poems of Thomas Gray (1996), with 139 folio pages and 116 plates, and Andrew Lincoln’s Spiritual History: A Reading of William Blake’s Vala or The Four Zoas (1995), a very substantial work though strangely unillustrated. Vaughan’s book, which reproduces all Blake’s watercolors for Gray in reduced size and monochrome, concludes very oddly that “Blake was not much interested in illustrating” Gray (7), even though he must have spent a great deal of the time on his designs for his good friend John Flaxman. Even more curiously, the Gray designs are said to have been intended to implant “not knowledge but a radical burning doubt” (18). These are strange conclusions for the poet who wrote:

He who shall teach the Child to Doubt
The rotting Grave shall neer get out. . . .
He who Doubts from what he sees
Will neer Believe do what you Please.
If the Sun & Moon should doubt
Theyd immediately go out.
One may suspect that the purpose discovered in the Gray designs. “To educate one to rebel” (116) and “to free the mind-forged manacles” (rather than “to free the manacled mind”) tells us more of what the critic wishes than of what the artist intended.

Andrew Lincoln’s Spiritual History is an altogether more substantial and rewarding book, the most valuable critical work newly recorded here. It is a detailed “staged reading” of Vala or The Four Zoas designed for “new readers of The Four Zoas” (v, ix) but rewarding for critics of all levels of experience and sophistication. One of its most valuable features is its analysis of the poem as “a universal history” (1), with the aid of illumination from contemporary historians such as Gibbon. The Last Judgment in the poem reveals that man’s prison “in a finite vision of the natural world” is a “prison locked from the inside” (190); we are the inmates of ourselves, and the key to escape is in our own hands. Andrew Lincoln’s Spiritual History is a work to which one can return repeatedly for light upon Blake’s poem—and upon the nature of humanity.

Completed this 27th Day of January 1997 at East Lake Apartments, Dongzhimenwai Dajie, Beijing

begin page 124 | back to top

Division I: William Blake

Part I Editions, Translations and Facsimiles 88 N.b. In this checklist, “facsimile” is taken to mean “an exact copy” attempting very close reproduction of an original named copy including size of image, color of printing (and of tinting if relevant), and size, color, and quality of paper, with no deliberate alteration as in page-order or numbering or obscuring of paper defects.

Section A: Original Editions

Europe (1794[-1831])

Copy B

History: . . . Copy B from Glasgow University is reproduced in the 1996 2 February-7 April catalogue of the Fundación “la Caixa” in Madrid, plates 28a-q.

The First Book of Urizen (1794[-1815?])

Plate 1

History: . . . Lent by “The Keynes Family Trust on deposit at the Fitzwilliam Museum” to the 1996 2 February-7 April exhibition of the Fundación “la Caixa” in Madrid, No. 30a.

For the Sexes: The Gates of Paradise (1820-1831?)

Edition

For the Sexes: The Gates of Paradise [B]. (London: Frederick Hollyer, 1925) <BB #47>.

According to a prospectus (?1925), ordinary copies of this facsimile of the copy of Miss C. Carthew were for sale at 15s and 55 copies (only 50 of which were for sale) on “platinotype paper” at £4.4.0.99 A copy of the prospectus for all Hollyer’s Blake reproductions is with the Muir facsimile of For the Sexes in the West Sussex Records Office; the prospectus presumably pre-dates Hollyer’s reproduction of All Religions are One (1926), which is not mentioned there.

Jerusalem (1804[-20?][-1832?])

Copy E

History: It was reproduced again in color in the Italian facsimile (1994).

Plate 1

History: . . . Lent by “The Keynes Family Trust on deposit at the Fitzwilliam Museum” to the 1996 2 February-7 April exhibition of the Fundación “la Caixa” in Madrid, No. 53a.

Edition

Jerusalem, ed. M. D. Paley (Blake Trust, 1991) <BBS 88>.

The same ektachromes were apparently used in the facsimile edited by Marcello Pagnini (1994).

Reviews

11 §Jon Mee, Australian Journal of Art, X (1993), 105-06 (with the Blake Trust Songs).

12 §Daniel Mark Epstein, “The Two William Blakes,” New Criterion, XIII, No. 2 (October 1994), 10-22 (with Viscomi’s Blake and the Idea of the Book [1993] and the other Blake Trust volumes).

13 Iain Sinclair, “Customising Biography,” London Review of Books, 22 February 1996, 16-19 (with Peter Ackroyd, Blake [1995], and the Blake Trust reproductions of Songs of Innocence and of Experience [1991], The Early Illuminated Books [1993], The Continental Prophecies [1995], Milton [1993], and The Urizen Books [1995]) (there is no indication that Sinclair has looked at Jerusalem—for a protest, see John Commander, below).

§*Jerusalem. Ed. & tr. Marcello Pagnini. 2 vols. (Florence: Giunti Gruppo Editoriale, 1994) ISBN: 88-09-20507-3.

Vol. I is a facsimile of copy E, apparently using the same ektachromes as in the 1991 Blake Trust edition.

Receipt

1805 July 5

History: Bought with the Joseph Holland Collection by John Windle in 1995 and (according to Essick, Marketplace, 1996) and sold in June 1996 to the autograph dealer Kenneth Rendell.

Songs of Innocence (1789[-1808?])

Copy X <BBS 120-21>

History: Pl. 9-10 from the Fitzwilliam and pl. 13-14, 16-19, 23-25, 27, 34-36, 53-54 (the rest) from the National Gallery of Victoria (Melbourne) are reproduced together in the 1996 2 February-7 April catalogue of the Fundación “la Caixa” in Madrid, editions 17a-q.

§Announcing the Felpham Edition of Songs of Innocence by William Blake: An Intaglio[e] Plate Book Designed & Printed in Colour at the Pear Tree Press and Now Offered for Subscription. (Flansham, Bognor Regis, Sussex: Pear Tree Press, 1937) 4 leaves.

There seems to be no record of the publication of such an edition.

§Canciones de inocencia y de experiencia. Ed. J. L. Caramés y S. G. Corugedo (Madrid, 1987).

Les Chants de l’Innocence. Tr. Alain Suied (1993) <Blake (1994)>.

Review

1 §François Hàn, Europe, No. 772 (1994), 206-07.

Songs of Innocence and of Experience (1794[-1831?])

Pls. 42, 47 (“The Tyger” and “The Human Abstract”)

History: . . . Lent by “The Keynes Family Trust on deposit at the Fitzwilliam Museum” to the 1996 2 February-7 April exhibition of the Fundación “la Caixa” in Madrid, No. 27a-b.

begin page 125 | back to top

Editions

*Songs of Innocence and of Experience, ed. Geoffrey Keynes (1970) <BB # >.

The plates are reproduced in Gray, and Keynes’s Introduction is translated by Yang Yi in Tianzhen yu jing yan zhige [Songs of Innocence and of Experience] (1988).

*Tianzhen yu jing yan zhige [Songs of Innocence and of Experience]. Tr. Yang Yi [i.e., Jinru Yang]. (Changsha: Hunan Renmin Chuban Shi [Hunan Peoples Publishing House], May 1988) 8°, pp. 7, 210; ISBN: 7-217-00342-3 (hardback) and 7-217-00343-1 (paperback).

G. Kaiensi [G. Keynes], “Yinhan [Introduction]” (1-8); T.S. Ailuete [T.S. Eliot], “Weillian Bulaike [William Blake]” (1-8 [bis]); “Fan zhe de hua [Translator’s comments],” dated the Fiftieth Anniversary of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, 13 August 1937 (204). The text consists of faint pale Gray reproductions of the Songs from the reproduction edited by Geoffrey Keynes (1970) of the Blake Trust facsimile (19) of copy, with facing translations into Chinese and followed by short comments.

Songs of Innocence and of Experience, ed. Andrew Lincoln (1991) <BBS 136>.

Reviews

11 §Jon Mee, Australian Journal of Art, X (1993), 105-06 (with the Blake Trust Jerusalem [1991]).

12 §Daniel Mark Epstein, “The Two William Blakes,” New Criterion, XIII, No. 2 (October 1994), 10-22 (with Viscomi’s Blake and the Idea of the Book [1993] and the other Blake Trust volumes).

13 Iain Sinclair, “Customising Biography,” London Review of Books, 22 February 1996, 16-19 (with Peter Ackroyd, Blake [1995], and the Blake Trust reproductions of Jerusalem [1991], The Early Illuminated Books [1993], The Continental Prophecies [1995], Milton [1993], and The Urizen Books [1995]) (there is no indication that Sinclair has looked at Songs—for a protest, see John Commander, below).

New Entry

Spectacles at Felpham (illus. 1)

Half a pair of nineteenth-century spectacles, found about 1928 in a piece of rotting wood when the floor of Blake’s cottage in Felpham was relaid, may have been the poet’s about 1803. They have simple magnification of 1.75 (1.0 being neutral). The spectacles, which fit neatly on the life-mask of Blake, belong to Mrs. Heather Howell, the owner of the cottage.1010 The spectacles Blake owned when he died are in the Fitzwilliam Museum (see Blake [1996]).

There is No Natural Religion (1794-95)

Copy E

History: (5) From Mrs. Ramsay Harvey, it passed by inheritance

1 Half of a pair of gold-framed spectacles which were found about 1928 in Blake’s cottage in Felpham and which may have belonged to Blake.   They now belong to the owner of Blake’s cottage on Blake’s Road, Felpham, who courteously supplied these photographs. Photo courtesy of Devereux Photography, Felpham. If any Blake readers should want a print of these photos, Mrs. Heather Howell writes that she would be happy to obtain them through Devereux Photography. Please contact her at Blake’s Cottage, Blake’s Road, Felpham, Bognor Regis, West Sussex, PO22 7 EB.
to (6) Mr. Giles Harvey.1111 It was withdrawn from the Christie sale of the other Harvey Blakes (30 Nov 1993) when its authenticity was questioned on the basis of the discoveries of Joseph Viscomi.

Section B: Collections and Selections 1212 Here and below I ignore mere reprints.

Blake: The Complete Poems, ed. W. H. Stevenson, second edition (1989).

Review

1 François Piquet, Etudes Anglaises, XLVII (1994), 478 (an account of the “nouveautés” in the second edition).

§*Blake: Selected Poems. Ed. Mike Davis & Alan Pound. (Oxford: Heinemann Educational, 1996) Heinemann Poetry Bookshelf. viii, 168 pp.

Blake’s Illuminated Books (The William Blake Trust).

Volume I: Jerusalem, ed. M. D. Paley (1991) <BBS 88>.

Volume II: Songs of Innocence and of Experience, ed. Andrew Lincoln (1991) <BBS 136>.

Volume III: The Early Illuminated Books, ed. Morris Eaves, Robert N. Essick, & Joseph Viscomi (1993) <Blake (1994)>.

Volume IV: The Continental Prophecies, ed. D. W.

begin page 126 | back to top

Dörrbecker (1995) <Blake (1996)>.

Volume V: Milton a Prophecy and the Final Illuminated Books, ed. Robert N. Essick & Joseph Viscomi (1993) <Blake (1994)>.

Volume VI: The Urizen Books, ed. David Worrall (1995) <Blake (1996)>.

The Continental Prophecies, ed. D. W. Dörrbecker (1995) <Blake (1996)>.

Reviews

1 Iain Sinclair, “Customising Biography,” London Review of Books, 22 February 1996, 16-19 (with Peter Ackroyd, Blake [1995], and the Blake Trust reproductions of Jerusalem [1991], The Early Illuminated Books [1993], The Continental Prophecies [1995], Milton [1993], and The Urizen Books [1995]) (there is no indication that Sinclair has looked at The Continental Prophecies—for a protest, see John Commander, below).

2 Barthélémy Jobert, Revue de l’Art, No. 112 (1996), 78 (with Joseph Viscomi, Blake and the Idea of the Book [1993], and The Urizen Books, ed. David Worrall [1995]) (barely mentioned).

The Early Illuminated Books, ed. Morris Eaves, Robert N. Essick, and Joseph Viscomi (1993) <Blake (1996)>.

Reviews

3 §Daniel Mark Epstein, “The Two William Blakes,” New Criterion, XIII, No. 2 (October 1994), 10-22 (with Viscomi’s Blake and the Idea of the Book [1993] and the other Blake Trust volumes).

4 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies for 1993 (1996), 322 (“splendid”).

5 Michael Ferber, Blake XXIX, 3 (Winter 1995-96), 88-90 (“an altogether splendid volume,” with “the most lucid and succinct summary of Blake’s methods of book production that I have ever seen” [88]).

6 Iain Sinclair, “Customising Biography,” London Review of Books, 22 February 1996, 16-19 (with Peter Ackroyd, Blake [1995], and the Blake Trust reproductions of Jerusalem [1991], Songs of Innocence and of Experience [1991], The Continental Prophecies [1995], Milton [1993], and The Urizen Books [1995]) (there is no indication that Sinclair has looked at The Early Illuminated Books—for a protest, see John Commander, below).

7 S. L. M., Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 138e Année (1996), 19 (with Milton a Prophecy and the Final Illuminated Books, ed. Robert N. Essick & Joseph Viscomi [1993]) (the series is “une magnifique collection”).

§Earth’s Answer (Madley, Hereford: Five Seasons Press [1980s]) Broadside.

“The Edition of the Works of Wm. Blake” printed by William Muir at “The Blake Press at Edmonton,” England (1884-1936) <BB #249, BBS 152-55>.

2 Life mask of William Blake wearing the half-pair of spectacles. When the mask was made, the clay pinned his ears to his head, so the spectacle-frame had to be fixed to his head with anachronistic sellotape.   Photo courtesy of Devereux Photography, Felpham.

The Rev. Mr. Arthur Chichester Crookshank (1889-1958) acquired from Quaritch most of the Muir facsimiles, many of them identified as “Mr Muirs Master Copy,” which he bequeathed to the West Sussex Record Office <WSRO>. All these Master Copies have notes made in Quaritch’s shop (“Q”), and some have notes by Muir (“M”) as well. In the record below, the details not in Blake Book Supplement are given in bold face, and the copy reproduced is given within parentheses “(A).”

America (A)

Q: “copied from an original [A] lent to Mr Muir by Mr Quaritch in 1905. It is now in the U.S.A. 24 copies were sold by Messrs Quaritch.” <WSRO>.

Ancient of Days [Europe pl. 1] (D)1313 The note appears on the verso of the last leaf of the first version of Thel with which it is bound. A duplicate uncolored copy of Europe pl. 1 is marked “rough proof” “Corrected from life” (WSRO = West Sussex Record Office).

M: “Fifty copies . . . were sold by Mr Quaritch (at 21/- each—All numbered) between 18th May 1885 and 14th August 1919[.] | P.S. Reference to documents shows me that the above statement is not quite correct, Mr Pearson had sold nine copies before Mr Quaritch began”; “Coloured from an original by Blake in the British Museum.” <WSRO>.

begin page 127 | back to top

Book of Thel [first version] (D)1414 With it is a much-corrected “Rough proof” of Muir’s “Proposal for the Prophetic Books and the Songs of Innocence and of Experience by W Blake.”

M: “Copied from British Museum Copy [D]”; “Fifty Copies of this Book (all numbered) were produced and sold in 1884-90 at £2.2 0[.] Mr_Pearson sold the first twenty copies between October 1884 and April 1885. At that date he retired from business because ‘he found that he had £20,000 and he did not want more’[.] He introduced me to Mr Quaritch, who continued the work[.] He received and sold the remaining thirty copies between 27th April 1885 and 8th September 1890[.]” <WSRO>.

Book of Thel [second version] (J)

Q: “24 copies have been sold”; M: “This copy of Thel [J] is coloured from one that Mr Bernard Quaritch lent to me in 1885-6. He sold it afterwards to an American [Amy Lowell c. 1900], so it is now in the U.S.A.” With it are duplicates of pl. 2, 4, 6-7, identified (M) on a separate leaf: “The four pages just before this are from originals [from the Small Book of Designs] in the B. M. print Room | They were coloured by [Miss] E. J. Druitt” as in color-printing. <WSRO>.

Book of Thel [third version] (A)

“The Beckford copy” (i.e., A), bought by Quaritch at the Beckford sale in 1883, sold to E. W. Hooper in 1891. Both the second and third versions in the WSRO have inscriptions on the designs: Pl. 2 (titlepage): “Lives [?Loves] of the plants1515 Part II (1789) of Erasmus Darwin’s Botanic Garden was called “The Loves of the Plants.” in Summer”; pl. 4: “Flowers personified”; pl. 6: “Spring”; pl. 7: “Fallen seeds protected by the earth Autumn.” The third version facsimile also has a note: “Perhaps Beckford got these titles from Blake when buying the Book,” though this copy of the book was in the Cumberland sale of 1835 before Beckford obtained it. <WSRO>.

Europe (A, D, c]

Q: “with 2 pp. added from Blakeana . . . 50 copies were sold by Messrs Quaritch |‘Blakeana’ was a vol of scraps[;] the Macgeorge fragment is now in U.S.A.” Part of this volume of Blakeana <BB #125> was sold by Quaritch in 1886 to William Muir, and the rest was sold by Quaritch to B. B. MacGeorge by 1906 and acquired by George C. Smith of the United States by 1927.1616 Another copy of Muir’s Europe is inscribed: “This is an uncolored copy of Europe | It is of no special value | Mr Muir offers it for your acceptance.” <WSRO> <WSRO>.

For the Sexes: The Gates of Paradise (F)

M: “About 20 copies have been made and sold[,] the Text [is] printed W Muir” (the text is in fact printed from movable type). <WSRO>.

Marriage of Heaven and Hell [second version] (F) M, “Forest Gate May 1920”: “This is a careful copy of a copy by Chatto & Windus c. 1864 <BB #99> From the Original [F] that belonged to D.G. Rossetti.” “This copy is facsimiled after the Dante Gabriel Rossetti Copy—The titles given to the plates are after the Beckford copy [A].”1717 The Crookshank Collection also has a copy of the First Version of Muir’s facsimile of the Marriage made from copy A. “20 copies have been sold.” The inscriptions are: Pl. 1 (titlepage): “Union of the Elements”; pl. 2: “Earth”; pl. 3: “Fire”; pl. 4: “Water”; pl. 5: “Air”; pl. 11: “Dawn”; pl. 14: “The Body of Hector”; pl. 15: “Genius”; pl. 16: “Ugolino”; pl. 20: “A Dream”;1818 Inscribed at the bottom in Muir’s Brown ink: “The Background should be quite smooth| The reds in the Serpent should be brighter.” pl. 21: “Satan addressing the Sun”; pl. 24: “Arbitrary Power.” It is reproduced from a color-printed copy, and the only color-printed copy is F, which was bought by R. M. Milnes in 1852 and sold by his son in 1903. There seems to be no other evidence that copy F (or any other copy) “belonged to D.G. Rossetti.” <WSRO>.

Marriage of Heaven and Hell [third version] (I)

M: “Mr Muirs Master Copy of the Fitzwilliam Heaven & Hell | about five copies were sold[.] The original is in the FitzWilliam Museum Cambridge.” “Copied in April 1886 by J. D. Wallis from the original in the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge. | Note the letter press should all be printed in red, not in yellow.” The titlepage verso in inscribed in pencil “Richard Edward Kerrick | August 31st 1856” as in copy I. “Coloured thus £4.4.0.” It bears annotations from the Beckford copy. <WSRO>.

Song of Los (A)

M: “This is Mr Muir’s Master Copy of the Song of Los copied from the original in the British Museum [A] | 21 copies were sold by Messrs Quaritch.” <WSRO>.

There is No Natural Religion (A, H, L)

“Mr Muirs Master Copy of No Nat Relig | 50 copies were sold | I do not know where the original is now.” Facing pl. b12 (“God becomes as we are that we may be as he is”) is a quotation from Irenaeus about the phrase (see William Blake’s Writings [1978], 14). On the first flyleaf is a transcription of All Religions are One with a note: “This little book is copied from illustrated leaves in the possession of the Linnell family . . . W Muir”; Muir never made a facsimile of All Religions are One. <WSRO>.

§Eternity. (Berkeley, California: Mayacamas Press, 1993) Broadside 35 × 28 inches.

It is “He Who Binds to Himself a Joy.”

§Fellow Labourers in the Great Vintage. ([Buffalo, N.Y.: Institute of Further Studies, 1968) Broadside.

§If the Doors of Perception Were Cleansed. ([Mount Carmel, Connecticut:] Ives Street Press, 1983) 4 pp. A broadside.

§The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: Office Drawn from the Lyric and Prophetic Work of William Blake (1727-1827) for Use of St. Mark’s in-the-Bourie. (N.Y.: 1920s).

begin page 128 | back to top

Milton a Poem and the Final Illuminated Books, ed. Robert N. Essick & Joseph Viscomi (1993) <Blake (1994)>.

Reviews

3 §Daniel Mark Epstein, “The Two William Blakes,” New Criterion, XIII, No. 2 (October 1994), 10-22 (with Viscomi’s Blake and the Idea of the Book [1993] and the other Blake Trust volumes).

4 Dennis M. Read, Blake, XXIX, 3 (Winter 1995-96), 91-92 (“there is much to praise, little to question, and less to criticize in this splendid volume” [92]).

5 Iain Sinclair, “Customising Biography,” London Review of Books, 22 February 1996, 16-19 (with Peter Ackroyd, Blake [1995], and the Blake Trust reproductions of Jerusalem [1991], Songs of Innocence and of Experience [1991], The Early Illuminated Books [1993], The Continental Prophecies [1995], and The Urizen Books [1995]) (there is no indication that Sinclair has looked at Milton . . . and the Final Illuminated Books—for a protest, see John Commander, below).

6 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies for 1993 (1996), 323 (“splendid”).

7 S. L. M., Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 138e Année (1996), 19 (with The Early Illuminated Books, ed. Morris Eaves, Robert N. Essick, & Joseph Viscomi [1993]) (the series is “une magnifique collection”).

§Pesni Nevinnosti opyta. [Tr. Sergeia Stepanova into Russian, Kommentari Aleksandry Glebouskoi.] (Sankt-Peterburg: Severo-Zapad, 1993) 270 pp.

Poems of William Blake ed. Peter Ackroyd (1995) <Blake (1996)>.

Review

1 *Alberto Manguel, “Genius of Blake revealed: Ackroyd makes it clear we owe the poet a great many revelations about our senses,” Globe and Mail [Toronto], 13 January 1996, p. C20 (with Peter Ackroyd, Blake [1995]).

Poesía completa. Prólogo, Pablo Mañe [Garzon]; introducción, Mariano Vázquez Alonso; correción y revisión, E. Caracciolo Trejo (Barcelona: Ediciones 29, 1986), Río nuevo, 2 vols., 452 pp. ISBN: 84-7175-186-0 <BBS; Blake (1994)>. . . . D. §(Barcelona, 1995).

Poetical Works, ed. John Sampson (1913) <BB #302>. The Penguin edition of Blake’s Selected Poems (1996) was apparently selected from John Sampson’s edition (1913).

§A Printing House in Hell. (Pittsburgh: The Laboratory Press, 1930) Students’ Project (Carnegie Institute of Technology Library Press) Specimen No. 103. Broadside 35 × 20.

§Proverbs of Hell. Translated to Scotch by William Henshaw. ([Markinch:] Scrievens Press, 1988) 8 pp.

§Pu-lai-k’o shih hsuan: Chou Wen-ping i. (Taipei: Wu Chou, mia 62, 1973) 121 pp. In Chinese.

*Selected Poems. Ed. P. H. Butter. (London, Melbourne, Toronto: Dent, 1982) B. §1986. C. §1988. D. §1989. E. *London & Rutland, Vermont, 1991.

An “abridged edition,” omitting the editor’s name, was published as *Songs of Innocence & Experience (London: Phoenix, 1996).

*Selected Poems. (London, N.Y., Ringwood [Victoria, Australia], Toronto, Auckland: Penguin Books, 1996) Penguin Popular Classics 12°, ×, 242. ISBN: 0-14-062219-5.

Lyric poems plus Tiriel and Thel apparently selected from Poetical Works, ed. John Sampson (1913) <BB #302>.

§*Selected Works. Ed. David Stevens. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995) 144 pp.

§*The Shepherd. ([Berkeley Heights, New Jersey: The Oriole Press, ?1932]) 4 pp. “with cordial greetings of the season 1932-3.”

Songs of Innocence & [of] Experience. (London: Phoenix, 1996) Square 16°, [vi], 58 pp., ISBN: 1-85799-541-4.

The text of the Songs and poems from the Notebook and the Pickering MS is apparently taken from Selected Poems [ed. P. H. Butter] (1981) <BBS 164> [which in turn is taken from Poems & Prophecies, ed. Max Plowman (1927) <BB #287>].

§The Tyger: O tygres. Tr. Augusto de Campos. (Sao Paulo: [no publisher], 1977) 8 pp. In English and Portuguese.

The Urizen Books, ed. David Worrall (1995) <Blake (1996)>.

Reviews

1 Iain Sinclair, “Customising Biography,” London Review of Books, 22 February 1996, 16-19 (with Peter Ackroyd, Blake [1995], and the Blake Trust reproductions of Jerusalem [1991], Songs of Innocence and of Experience [1991], The Early Illuminated Books [1993], The Continental Prophecies [1995], and Milton [1993]) (there is no indication that Sinclair has looked at The Urizen Books—for a protest, see John Commander, below).

2 Barthélémy Jobert, Revue de l’Art, No. 112 (1996), 78 (with Joseph Viscomi, Blake and the Idea of the Book [1993], and The Continental Prophecies, ed. D.W. Dörrbecker [1995]) (barely mentioned).

§The Voice of the Ancient Bard. (London: Spoon Print Press, 1994) 4 leaves.

Illustrated by Linda Ann Landers.

§William Blake Od mi-shire ve-Keats [More Poems by Blake and Keats]. [Tr. Joshu Kochov.] (Tel Aviv: Ofir, 1980) 32 pp.

begin page 129 | back to top

§Yongguk Nangnam sisa = Selected English Romantic Poems—William Blake oe. Ed. Sisa Yongosa. (Seoul: T’ukpyols: Sisa Yongosa, 1990) 247 pp.

*Zemirtes Koka [Under the Myrtle Tree]. [Tr. Olga Lisovska into Latvian.] (Riga: Liesma, 1981) 203 pp.

Tamara Zalite, “Viljams Bleiks” (5-14); O. Lisovska, “Komentari” (103-04).

Part II Reproductions of Drawings and Paintings

Section A: Illustrations of Individual Authors

Bible

§Bhaktipada,[e] Swami. The Bible Illuminated: Illustrated by William Blake and Francisco de Hollanda. Ed. Krzysztof Cieszkowski. (New Vrindaban, W. Va.: Palace Pub, 1994).

Bunyan, John, Pilgrim’s Progress

Blake’s Bunyan designs (see illus. 1-4) were offered by the Frick Collection (N.Y.) (along with a design for Paradise Regained) at §Sotheby’s (London), 14 November 1996, Lot 243 (estimate £260,000-£340,000), bought in, and sold to an Anonymous British collector. For behind the scenes details, see Essick, Marketplace, 1996.

Gray, Thomas, Poems

Blake’s 116 watercolors for Gray are reproduced in reduced size and monochrome in Frank A. Vaughan, Again to the Life of Eternity (1996).

Milton, John, Paradise Regained

“The First Temptation” from the Paradise Regained series (see illus. 5) was sold by the Frick Collection to an Anonymous British collector—see Bunyan (above).

Section B: Collections and Selections

William Blake at the Huntington, ed. Robert N. Essick (1994) <Blake (1995) under Art>.

Review

1 S. L. M., Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 138e Année (1996), 19-20 (the book is edited by “l’un des principaux spécialistes actuels de Blake” and produced “en couleurs de grande qualité”).

Part III Commercial Book Engravings

Bible—Illustrations of The Book of Job (1826, 1874)

New Location: Felsted School (Felsted, Essex) (reproduced in the 1996 2 February-7 April (catalogue of the Fundación “la Caixa” in Madrid, plates 64a-x).

Edition

Illustrations of The Book of Job Invented & Engraved by William Blake 1825. (London: Frederick Hollyer, 1923) <BB #430>.

According to a prospectus (?1925), 225 copies were produced at £3.3.0.

Cumberland, George, An Attempt to Describe Hafod (1796)

New Location: Princeton.

Edition

An Attempt to Describe Hafod by George Cumberland. A Bicentenary Edition Edited and Introduced by Jennifer Macve & Andrew Sclater, Illustrated with Drawings from a sketchbook of Thomas Jones of Pencerrig introduced by Donald Moore. (Aberystwyth: Ymddiriedolaeth Yr Hafod—Hafod Trust, 1996) 8°, ISBN: 0-9527941-0-1.

This is a facsimile of the copy in the National Library of Wales, with Jennifer Macve & Andrew Sclater, “Introduction” (1-10, 15-16), and Donald Moore, “The artist Thomas Jones at Hafod” (11-14, 16). A section on “Hafod in 1795 and Blake’s Map” (9-10) concludes that “One must . . . keep an open mind” as to what part Blake had in the map.

Cumberland, George, Outlines from the Antients (1829) New Locations: Brown, California (Santa Barbara), Edinburgh.

Cumberland, George, Thoughts on Outline (1796)

New Locations: California State Library, Getty, Harvard, Iowa.

Dante, Blake’s Illustrations of Dante (1838)

New Location: Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery.

Darwin, Erasmus, Botanic Garden (1791, 1791, 1795, 1799, 1806)

C 1795 (Third Edition) New Location: Ushaw College (Durham).

Euler, Leonard, Elements of Algebra (1797)

Blake was probably referring to his engraving (c. 6.8 × 11.0 cm) for Euler’s Elements of Algebra when he told the Revd. Dr. Trusler on 23 August 1799: “I had Twelve [Guineas] for the [small engraved] Head I sent you.”1919 He could alternatively but less plausibly be referring to his engraving of the head of John Brown (c. 11 × 13 cm) for Brown’s Elements of Medicine (1795) or to one of the heads of Catullus and Cornelius Nepos (each c. 10 × 17 cm) for Poems of Caius Valerius Catullus (1795).

Flaxman, John, Compositions from . . . Hesiod (1817)

New Locations: Edinburgh, Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society, NYPL (2), Pennsylvania State, Rochester, Syracuse.

begin page 130 | back to top

Flaxman, John, The Iliad of Homer (1805)

New Locations: American Academy (Rome), Art Institute (Chicago), Brown, California (Berkeley; Davis), California State Library, Cleveland Museum, Edinburgh, Florida State, Getty, Harvard, Metropolitan Museum, Michigan, Minnesota (2), Pierpont Morgan, NYPL, New York University, Pennsylvania State, Rochester, Ushaw College (Durham).

Gay, John, Fables (1793, [1811])

A 1793 New locations: Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society; Toronto Public Library (Osborne Collection of Early Children’s Books); Ushaw College (Durham).

Hayley, William, Ballads (1805)

New Locations: California (Berkeley), Cornell, Free Library of Philadelphia, Iowa, Michigan, NYPL, Stanford.

Hayley, William, Essay on Sculpture (1800)

New Location: Brown, California (Berkeley), Minnesota, Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society, Pennsylvania.

Hayley, William, The Life . . . of William Cowper, Esq. (1803-04)

New Locations: A (1803-04) Athenaeum (Philadelphia), Brown, California (Berkeley; Santa Barbara), Cornell, Edinburgh, Iowa, LC, Michigan, Mills College, Minnesota, National Gallery (Washington), National Library of Scotland, NYPL (2), Northwestern, Pennsylvania State, Southern California, Stanford, State University of New York (Stony Brook).

B Second Edition (1804) Rochester.

New Entry

Hayley, William, The Life . . . of William Cowper (N.Y., 1803)

The wood-engraving in William Hayley, The Life and Posthumous Writings of William Cowper (New York: T. & J. Swords, 1803), Vol. II, at p. 245, of “The Weather-house” and “Cowper’s Tame Hares” (8.3 × 11 cm) signed Alexander “Anderson F[ecit]” was copied from the design signed “Blake d & sc” in the edition of London: J. Johnson, 1803, as R. N. Essick was the first to point out in Marketplace, 1996, illus. 8. The plates engraved by Peter Maverick of Cowper and of Cowper’s mother (Vol. I, frontispiece and at p. 3) are copied from Blake’s engravings after George Romney and D. Heins.

Hayley, William, The Life of George Romney (1809)

New Locations: Art Institute (Chicago), Boston Museum, Brown, California (Berkeley [2], Davis, Santa Barbara), Clarke Art Institute, Edinburgh, Emory, Florida, Folger, Getty, Kimbell Art Museum, Metropolitan Museum, Minnesota (2), National Library (Ottawa), Nelson Atkins Museum, Stanford, Yale.

Hayley, William, Triumphs of Temper (1807)

THE | TRIUMPHS OF TEMPER [not THE | TRIUMPHS | OF | TEMPER, as in Blake Books]

New Locations: (1803) Brown, California (Berkeley), Cornell, Emory (Theology), Iowa, LC, Michigan, Mills College, Minnesota, NYPL, Northwestern, Pennsylvania, State University of New York (Buffalo).

(1807) Brown.

Josephus, Flavius, Genuine and Complete Works ([?1785-90]) <BBS 228-29>

Josephus, Flavius, The Whole Genuine and Complete Works, ed. Maynard & Kimpton (London: C. Cooke and . . . Ireland, n.d.).

E (1792-93) New Location: Ushaw College (Durham).

Lavater, J. C., Aphorisms (1788, 1789, 1794)

The copy of Lavater’s Aphorisms (1788)2020 Seen 15 May 1996 through the courtesy of Arthur Freeman and Ted Hoffman at Quaritch’s (London). signed and annotated by “Thos: Butt | 23 Augt 1789—” <Blake (1996)> almost certainly has nothing to do with Blake’s London patron Thomas Butts; rather it belonged to a contemporary, perhaps of Bridgmouth, Shropshire, with a coincidentally similar name, who annotated it (as Lavater directed) with symbols indicating his likes and dislikes and with occasional notes such as that for Aphorism #539 concerning four women with virtues so rare that there will scarcely be found one in each quarter of the world:

Such are The Marchioness of Stafford—Trentham
Stafford
Mrs Berry of ye Mill Stamford—Worcestershire
Mrs Butt of Bridgmouth
Shropshire
Miss Butt —

Lavater, J. C., Essays on Physiognomy (1789-98; 1810; 1792 [i.e., 1817])
1810 New Locations: Edinburgh; National Library of Scotland.

Plate 4: The plate signed “Blake sculp” below and to the right of the image also has “Blake Sc” “very lightly scratched immediately below, and on the same diagonal as, the line defining the lower margin of the figure’s neck” (as was first recorded in Essick, Marketplace, 1996).

The Quality of the Engravings

According to the engraver Thomas Holloway, who supervised the plates for Lavater’s Essays on Physiognomy, 21 “Observations Submitted to the Consideration of Doct Hunter Mr Johnson—two of the proprietors of Lavater—and the Execs of the late Mr [John] Murray” dated January 1802 in the archive of the publisher John Murray, printed here (like the other Murray Archive papers) by permission of John Murray.

It was not long before TH found that in spite of all his Care & even expostulations with most of the Artists— begin page 131 | back to top the work they brought home was distressingly inaccurate—many plates were destroyd totally—and those which were the best executed were frequently so errone[o]us both in outline & expression that many parts were obligd to be hammerd out & reproduced—a piece of work this the most painful & the most mortyfying imaginable to TH— . . .
A great number of the plates were necessarily repaird in some instances twice in a few instances 3 times making the plates equal to duplicates—which was the case with the Venus de Medicis & others—without this attention the major part of the Impressions wou[l]d have been weak & the Reputation of the work most materially injured . . .
The work executed by TH & others was in its Kind unique .... Without Vanity it is presumed that for Correctness as well as for execution it Stands unequalld-21

Payment for the Engravings

In Holloway’s list of “Expenses attending the Engravings of Lavater . . . during the years 1787 to 1799” is “Blake ..... [£]39.19.6,” a somewhat moderate payment for three small plates and one large one.

Holloway’s figures indicate the following prices for Lavater:

22 This is the total given in Holloway’s list of what he paid to individual engravers; the total in his list of what he paid year-by-year is £2,683.13.6 [this is mis-added by Holloway; it should be £2,628.13.6]. Of the 37 engravers for Lavater named in Holloway’s list, only 24 names are recorded on the engravings themselves (113 plates), “Holloway Direxit” is on 156 of them, and 267 are anonymous.

Cost of Copper £ 88. 4.—
Engraving Titles on Plates £ 26.15.—
Total Cost of Engravings22 £2,558.17.—
Cost of Printing and Hotpressing Plates £2,500.—.—

Sale of the Copperplates

The 537 copperplates for Lavater’s Physiognomy were sold to John Stockdale, who published an edition in 1810. After Stockdale’s death (1814), “the Remaining Stock of the Estate of the Late Mr. John Stockdale; consisting chiefly of Copper Plates, together with the Copyrights to the Works, to which they belong” was offered for sale at auction by Robert Saunders on 3 January 1818, and the “Five hundred and thirty-seven [copperplates]—Lavater’s Physiognomy, by Hunter, 4°, and Copyright” were sold for £210 (according to the marked copy in the British Library; no buyer is listed for any of the lots).

Silent Reprint of the Book

The plates were subsequently printed on paper watermarked as late as 1817 but dated 1792 on the titlepages and bearing the names of the original publishers but not that of the 1817 buyer of the copperplates. Perhaps the new owner discovered belatedly that the copyright he had acquired was for the plates only and did not include the copyright of Dr. Henry Hunter’s translation of Lavater. He may therefore have decided that it was safest to conceal the date and to pretend that this was the original edition.

Malkin, B. H., A Father’s Memoirs of his Child (1806) New Location: Toronto Public Library (Osborne Collection of Early Children’s Books).

Mora, José Joaquin de, Meditaciones Poeticas (1826) New Location: Biblioteca Nacional (Madrid): R35836 and ER2444.

Salzmann, C. G., Elements of Morality, tr. [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1791, 1792, 1799, 1805, ?1815)

A 1791 New Location: Toronto Public Library (Osborne Collection of Early Children’s Books).

Shakspeare, William, Plays (Boydell, 1802) New Location: Ushaw College (Durham).

Stedman, J. G., Narrative of a five years’ expedition, against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam (1796, 1806, 1813)

1796 New Locations: Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society, Stanford.

Wollstonecraft, Mary, Original Stories (1791, 1796) A 1791 New Location: Toronto Public Library (Osborne Collection of Early Children’s Books).

Young, Edward, Night Thoughts (1797) <BBS 271; Blake (1996)>

New Locations: Library of Congress, *Muhlenberg College.

Census of Colored Copies

Addenda

Copy G

History: . . . (6) The Lutheran Church of America in 1986 passed it, with the Florence Foerderer Tonner print collection, to (7) The Frank Martin Gallery, Muhlenberg College.2323 Ten plates from copy G are reproduced in color in Grant F. Scott, “A Clash of Perspectives: Blake’s Illustrations to the Poem Night Thoughts . . .,” Muhlenberg, V (1993), 10-16.

Appendix Books with Engravings Implausibly Attributed to Blake

The Minor’s Pocket Book (1813)

Fuller details of the plate attributed to Blake in [Ann Taylor et al.], The Minor’s Pocket Book, for the Youth of Both begin page 132 | back to top Sexes ([London:] Darton, Harvey, and Darton, 1813) are recorded and the Blake connection rejected in Essick, Marketplace, 1996.

§Plutarch’s Lives: Abridged, Selected and Adapted for Youth . . . as an Introduction to Classic Reading for the Use of Schools by J[ohn] Faucit Saville. ([London:] Printed for R. Hill, 1823) 116 pp.

It is claimed to have a “Frontispiece by William Blake.”

Part IV Catalogues and Bibliographies

1954

*William Blake, The Romantic Poets, The Nineteenth Century: The Brick Row Book Shop, Inc., Catalogue No. 41. (N.Y.: Brick Row Book Shop, 1954).

The Blake lots are 1-70, 668-70, including Blake’s copy of Barry’s Account of a Series of Pictures (1783) and nine works inscribed “Original Drawings by William Blake” [?now in the New York Public Library], “an interesting imposture.”

1959, 1995

Robert F. Metzdorf. The Tinker Library: A Bibliographical Catalogue of the Books and Manuscripts collected by Chauncey Brewster Tinker. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959) <BB #683> B. (1995).

1960

Steer, Francis W. “William Blake.” Pp. 6-14 of The Crookshank Collection in the West Sussex Record Office: A Catalogue. Ed. Francis W. Steer. (Chichester: West Sussex County Council, 1960) See also xii-xvi and passim.

The collection by the Rev. Arthur Chichester Crookshank (1889-1958) focuses on Blake (No. 90-201), Hayley, and Chichester printing (viii).

1976 2-5 March

Catalogue [of the University of California (Santa Barbara) Art Galleries exhibition for the Blake conference 2-5 March 1976].

Fifteen mimeographed leaves with 99 entries (most of the original Blakes from the collection of R. N. Essick). The catalogue was expanded (to 94 pp.), annotated, and illustrated in the catalogue of William Blake in the Art of His Time (24 February-27 March 1976) <BBS 293>.

1989

Martin Butlin & Ted Gott. William Blake in the Collection of the National Gallery of Victoria (Melbourne, 1989) <BBS 306>.

Review

1 §David B. Brown, “Blake in Australia,” Print Quarterly, XII, 1 (March 1995), 87-88.

1990

Fitch, Donald. Blake Set to Music (1990) <BBS 309-10>.

Review

1 G. E. Bentley, Jr., in Blake, XXX (1996), 25-31 (“Fitch’s search for music set to Blake texts seems to have been wonderfully comprehensive” [27]; the Appendix here [28-31] lists addenda and corrigenda).

1991 October

Records of the William Blake Bicentenary Celebrations (1955-59), MS 615 Department of Manuscripts and Special Collections, Hallward Library, University of Nottingham. ([Nottingham: University of Nottingham, October 1991]).

A five-page printed catalogue of “minutes, correspondence, photographs of Blake’s paintings, news cuttings, agreements and financial material . . . given to the Library in 1991 by Mr John Pyke, whose wife, then Miss D. Vaughan, assisted the committee in its work.”

1991

Robert N. Essick, William Blake’s Commercial Book Illustrations (1991) <BBS 310>.

Review

1 §David Fuller, Durham University Journal, N.S. LIV (January 1993), 115-19 (with Blake and His Bibles, ed. D. V. Erdman [1990]).

1993 1 May-26 June

§William Blake and His Circle. Hunterian Library, [University of] Glasgow, [exhibition] 1 May-26 June 1993. (Glasgow, 1993).

1994

G. E. Bentley, Jr., with the assistance of Keiko Aoyama, Blake Studies in Japan (1994) <Blake (1995)>.

Reviews

1 Yoko Ima-Izumi, Blake, XXIX, 3 (Winter 1995-96), 82-88 (mostly a useful “necessary historical explanation” concerning the Japanese Blake scholars discussed in the “valuable introduction” to Blake Studies in Japan [82]).

2 Noriko Kawasaki, Igirisu Romanha Kenkyu, Igirisu Romanha Gakkai: Essays in English Romanticism, Japan Association of English Romanticism, No. 19-20 (1996), 178-80. In Japanese. (Highly esteemed.)

1995 6-17 February

The Genitals are Beauty, exhibition at The House of William Blake 6-17 February 1995 <Blake (1996)>.

Review

1 Keri Davies, Blake, XXIX, 3 (Winter 1995-96), 102-03 (the genitalia exhibition “tied together a roomful of genitals with some of the kitschy inheritance of St. Valentine’s Day”).

1996 2 February-7 April; 17 April-2 June William Blake: visiones de mundos eternos (1757-1827). [Exhibition] begin page 133 | back to top 2 de febrero-7 de abril de 1996 [at the] Sala de Exposiciones de la Fundación “la Caixa,” Madrid. [Tr. Gabriel Sánchez Espinosa, Russell B. Sacks, & Elvira Villena.] (Madrid: Fundación “la Caixa,” 1996) 4°, 262 pp., 180 plates; ISBN: 84-7664-537-6. B. §William Blake: visions de mons eterns, 1757-1827: [Exhibition by Robin Hamlyn] 17 d’abril-2 de juny de 1996 Centre Cultural de la Fundacio “La Caixa.” (Barcelona: Centre Cultural de la Fondacion” la Caixa,” 1996) 226 pp. In Catalan.

Robin Hamlyn is the Comisaro or Curator of the exhibition.

The book (A) consists of:

1 Luis Monreal (Director General, Fundación “la Caixa”), “Presentación” (11), “Foreword” (217): A prime reason for organizing the Blake exhibition is “the fact that his work is not present in any Spanish museum or collection.”

2 Robin Hamlyn, “William Blake (1757-1827)” (12-29 in Spanish; 219-28 in English): A general account for a Spanish audience.

3 Francisco Calvo Serraller, “Blake y Goya: convergencias y divergencias entre dos mundos” (31-42); “Blake and Goya: Convergence and Divergence between Two Worlds” (229-35): Concerns “Flaxman’s possible influence on Goya” (231), with an aside on Fuseli and a paragraph on Blake.

4 Estella de Diego, “La invención de William Blake” (43-52); “The Invention of William Blake” (237-42): “Blake is pervaded by life,” and “it is hard to tell just how much the Surrealists actually read of Blake” (240, 237).

5 *[Adela Morán & Montserrat Gómez], “Catalogo” (53-210, with descriptions only of the 180 color plates reproduced, which include Innocence [X], Europe [B], and the Job engravings [1826]); “Catalogue” (243-59 in English of all 188 items exhibited).

6 “Bibliografia” (211-13); “Literature” (261-62).

Review

1 *Shantigarbha. “Visions of Eternity: Blake in Madrid: Exhibition at Fundacion ‘la Caixa’, Madrid, February-April 1996,” Urthona, No. 6 (1996), 83 (“an important event”).

1996 9 July-6 October

§William Blake’s Illustrations to Young’s Night Thoughts. [Exhibition at the] Tate Gallery, 9 July-6 October 1996. (London: Tate Gallery, 1996) 8 pp.

1996 4-5 December

. . . Periodicals, Manuscripts & Ephemera, etc. [auction sale by Foncie] Mealy. (Dublin, 1996).

The Blakes included Lots 263-64, 297, 302, 303, 331, 385, 564-66, 579-88, 635, 637, 729, 797, 1247. Perhaps the most remarkable entry was that for Bewick’s Virgil (1821) <BB #504>, Vol. I (?All published), estimate £150-£200 [sold for £3,000].

1996?

William Blake: [Sale catalogue of] R. A. Gilbert. (Bristol: R. A. Gilbert, [?1996]).

An 11-page list of 330 Blake items for sale en bloc (without price).

Part V Books Blake Owned

Barry, James, An Account of a Series of Pictures (1783) <BBS 315-16>.

History: (1) It belonged to Samuel Palmer (see below), (2) Whose son inscribed the sketch: “This is a portrait of Barry by Blake A H Palmer”; (3) Acquired by H. Buxton Forman, who added his bookplate and a note about it and sold it posthumously at Anderson Galleries, 15 March 1920, Lot 36 [for $205]; (4) Acquired by G. C. Smith, Jr., described in his anonymous catalogue (1927) <BB #631>, and sold posthumously at Parke-Bernet, 2 November 1938 <BB #644>, Lot 94 [for $250]; (5) Sold anonymously at Parke Bernet Galleries, 18 February 1942, #68 (“ORIGINAL WRAPPERS”); (6) Offered in Brick Row Book Shop Catalogue 41 (1954), Lot *1, for $200; (7) Bought from Jacob Zeitlin of Los Angeles in 1962 by (8) Sir Geoffrey Keynes, who described it in his catalogue (1964) <BB #687>, No. 721, and sold it posthumously with the rest of his type-printed books in 1986 to (9) Cambridge University Library.

Appendix Books Owned by the Wrong William Blake

Johnson, Samuel

THE | LIVES | OF THE MOST EMINENT | ENGLISH POETS;| WITH | CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS | ON THEIR| WORKS.| By SAMUEL JOHNSON.| IN FOUR VOLUMES.| |- | VOLUME I[-IV]. | LONDON: | PRINTED FOR C. BATHURST, J. BUCKLAND, W. STRAHAN, J. RIVINGTON AND SONS, T. DAVIES, T. PAYNE, L. DAVIS, W. OWEN, B. WHITE,| S. CROWDER, T. CASLON, T. LONGMAN, B. LAW, C. DILLY,| J. DODSLEY, J. WILKIE, J. ROBSON, J. JOHNSON, T. LOWNDES,| G. ROBINSON, T. CADELL, J. NICHOLS, E. NEWBERY, | T. EVANS, P. ELMSLY, J. RIDLEY, R. BALDWIN, G. NICOL, | LEIGH AND SOTHEBY, J. BEW, N. CONANT, W. NICOLL,| J. MURRAY, S. HAYES, W. FOX, AND J. ROWEN.| M DCC LXXXI [1781].

A copy with the black stamp in each volume of “W:BLAKE” and with paper labels bordered by hand in red ink on each front paste-down with a brown ink (shelf-list?) number “N° 40[-43].” to be offered in Marlborough Rare Books Catalogue 165 (1996). No such stamp or number is in any book demonstrably owned by the poet, nor is such a system or the size of library it implies characteristic of him. Probably the books belonged to one of the many contemporaries of the poet who bore his name.

begin page 134 | back to top

Part VI Criticism, Biography, and Scholarly Studies

Ackroyd, Peter, Blake (1995) <Blake (1996)>.

An excerpt from chapter 5 was reprinted in Lonsdale, II, No. 1 (January 1996), 12-13.

For his account of writing the book, see Journal of the Blake Society (1996), 3-4.

Reviews

8 *Jonathan Bate, “William Blake in the new Jerusalem: Jonathan Bate admires Peter Ackroyd’s biography of the great London visionary,” Sunday Telegraph, 3 September 1995, p. 9 (“a biography of Blake which is lucid and measured, but also intuitive and empathetic. The scholarship is impeccable, yet at the same time the novelist has got under his man’s skin”).

9 §John Bemrose, “Burning bright,” Macleans, 6 November 1995. B. Reprinted in Lonsdale, II, No. 1 (January 1996), 7-8 (“Ackroyd has given the artist a more palpable, detailed presence than he has enjoyed at any time since his death”).

10 Anon. “Anti-Enlightenment visionary,” Economist Review, 11 November 1995, pp. 4-5 (Ackroyd “sympathises deeply with Blake’s struggles” and takes Blake’s “visions as seriously and soberly as he did,” but he is “badly served by the book’s designer” and editor for tolerating muddy plates and prolix “displays of erudition”).

11 *Alberto Manguel, “Genius of Blake revealed: Ackroyd makes it clear we owe the poet a great many revelations about our senses,” Globe and Mail, [Toronto] 13 January 1996, p. C20 (with Poems of William Blake ed. Peter Ackroyd [1995]).

12 Iain Sinclair, “Customising Biography,” London Review of Books, 22 February 1996, pp. 16-19 (with the Blake Trust reproductions of Jerusalem [1991], Songs of Innocence and of Experience [1991], The Early Illuminated Books [1993], The Continental Prophecies [1995], Milton [1993], and The Urizen Books [1995]) (an enormous, and enormously self-indulgent, meander through what he thinks are current intellectual avant-garde matters, commenting incidentally that Ackroyd’s “Blake is decently crafted fiction over-whelmed by an excess of tyrannical facts” “with perhaps a little too much fondness for local colour” [18]).

13 Paul Cantor, “William Blake, Capitalist,” Weekly Standard, 22 April 1996, pp. 29-32 (Ackroyd’s “new biography of Blake” stresses insufficiently that Blake shows “the dogged spirit of the English small businessman” but that Blake “constantly misreads the market; he didn’t ignore or abjure it” [31, 30]).

14 George Gurley (Kansas City Star), “Illuminating the visions of William Blake,” Chicago Tribune, 23 April 1996, Section 2, p. 3 (Ackroyd’s “stylish writing [is] lyrical and illuminating without being intrusive”—and Gurley has discovered that Blake “could swear in nine languages”).

15 Michael Dirda, International Herald Tribune, 21 May 1996, p. 10 (“Peter Ackroyd makes Blake live for the modern reader”).

16 *Kennedy Fraser, “Piper Pipe that Song Again: Peter Ackroyd finds a William Blake for our time,” New Yorker, 27 May 1996, pp. 126-31 (“This is a book with bounce and push” about a man whose “work just glows, somehow”).

17 §Colin Steel, Australian Book Collector (April 1996) (with Viscomi’s Blake and the Idea of the Book [1993]).

18 Anon., Lonsdale, II, No. ii (April 1996), 11-[15] (review of chapters 8-14) (“That which made Blake a truly gifted man was his abilities and talents as a tradesman” [12]).

19 Tim Heath, Journal of the Blake Society (1996), pp. 77-79 (Ackroyd “builds up a life, slowly, with care and with detail”).

20 *Dharmachari Ananda, “A Grain of Sand in Lambeth,” Urthona, No. 5 [1996], 43-46 (it is “a rich and closely observed biography” with a sharp focus on “tiny but telling detail,” but “Ackroyd has a tendency to be dogmatic,” and “the whole man manages to elude us”).

*Ackroyd, Peter. “Cockney Visionaries.” Independent [London] 18 December 1993, p. 27 <Blake (1994)§>.

“I want . . . to describe those London luminaries and Cockneys [chiefly “that Cockney visionary William Blake,” Dickens and J. M. W. Turner] who in their art have expressed the true nature and spirit of London. “Cockney” here appears to mean someone who epitomizes London.

*Ackroyd, Peter. “To the rescue of a cockney prophet: Peter Ackroyd tells Giles Coren why William Blake is unjustly neglected.” Times, 11 September 1995, p. 17.

“Blake is a much better poet than people think”; “There has never been a substantial biography of Blake”; “in fiction you have to tell the truth. In biography you can make things up.”

Adams, Hazard. “Jerusalem’s Didactic and Mimetic-Narrative Experiment: In Happy Memory of Northrop Frye.” Studies in Romanticism, XXXII (1993), 627-54.

“In Jerusalem Blake sets contraries to the task of building an order in disorder and disorder in order at the same time—and in the same place”—“an[e] introduction to a reading” (627), with a survey of Jerusalem criticism (651-54).

§Ahlstrom, Chrispin. “Poet-Profet och konstnar.” Göteborgs-Posten, 27 April 1974. In Swedish.

Allison, John. “Charioteer of fire: A huge choral setting of William Blake comes to London on Sunday: A three-hour epic previewed.” Times, 15 November 1996, p. 36.

Chiefly an interview with William Bolcom about a performance on 17 November 1996 at South Bank of his setting of Songs of Innocence and of Experience.

Annwn, David, Hear the Voice of the Bard! (1995) <Blake (1996)>.

begin page 135 | back to top

Review

1 Sarah Joyce, Journal of the Blake Society (1996), 65-67 (it is a “perceptive reading” of the “Introduction” to Experience).

Anon. “Expert on poet William Blake to lecture group.” Sunday Chronicle [Muskegon, Michigan], 18 September 1996.

Lecture by G. E. Bentley, Jr., on “The Artist and the Prophet: The Art of William Blake,” related to the minor Blake collection at the Muskegon Museum of Art.

Anon. “Felpham Has a Stamp Bible, Tobacco, and a Poet’s Cottage.” Southern Weekly News, 20 December 1952, p. 15.

Partly about Blake’s cottage at Felpham.

*Anon. “A Note on Four Water-Colours by William Blake.” International Studio, LXXIV, No. 294 (September 1921), xxxvii.

A comment, presumably by the editor, Guy C. Eglinton, on reproductions (on the cover and xxxvii, xxxviii, xl) “from a small but very choice exhibition recently on view at the Metropolitan Museum” [which is otherwise unknown].

Anon. “Scene of a fairy funeral.” Evening Argus, 28 October 1962.

Chiefly a photograph of Blake’s Cottage at Felpham.

Anzai, Keiko. “Albion no Musumetachi no Genso ni okeru Hana Imejari no Shoso: Aspects of Flower Imagery in The Visions of the Daughters of Albion.Showagakuin Tankidaigaku Kiyo: Bulletin of Showagakuin Junior College, No. 28 (1991), 83-95. In Japanese.

§Anzai, Keiko. “Blake, Lambeth Shohon ni okeru ‘Namida’ to ‘Kozui’: Tears and Deluge in Blake’s Lambeth Books.” Showakaguin Tankidaigaku Kiyo: Bulletin of Showagakuin Junior College, No. 22 (1990). In Japanese.

Anzai, Keiko. “Blake ‘Yameru Bara’ ni okeru Jenda no Imi: The Gender of the Worm in Blake’s ‘The Sick Rose.’” Ningen Bunka Kenkyu Nenpo, Ochanomizu Joshi Daigaku, Ningen Bunka Kenkyuka: Bulletin of the Doctoral Research Course in Human Culture [Ochanomizu Women’s University], No. 15 (1991), 95-106. In Japanese.

§Anzai, Keiko. “The Four Zoas ni okeru Enion to Jumoku no Imejari: Symbolic Trees and Enion in Blake’s The Four Zoas.Showakaguin Tankidaigaku Kiyo: Bulletin of Showagakuin Junior College, No. 31 (1994). In Japanese.

§Anzai, Keiko. “‘Kyojun’ no Anbivarensu—Milton no Leutha Zo: Ambivalence of Submission: Leutha in Blake’s Milton.Showakaguin Tankidaigaku Kiyo: Bulletin of Showagakuin Junior College, No. 29 (1992). In Japanese.

*Anzai, Keiko. “Yokuatsu no Katachi—William Blake Newton no Shinborizumu: A Depraved Form—The Symbolism of Blake’s Newton.Ningen Bunka Kenkyu Nenpo, Ochanomizu Joshi Daigaku, Ningen Bunka Kenkyuka: Bulletin of the Doctoral Research Course in Human Culture [Ochanomizu Women’s University], No. 14 (1990), 101-14. In Japanese.

Aoyama, Keiko. “Imi wa dokokara kuruno ka—Blake no Urizen [Daiichi] no Sho ni okeru Imi-seisei no Purosesu: How Are the Meanings Generated?—William Blake’s Political Stance in the 1790’s and The [First] Book of Urizen.Igirisu Romanha Kenkyu, Igirisu Romanha Gakkai: Essays in English Romanticism, Japan Association of English Romanticism, No. 19-20 (1996), 41-48. In Japanese.

§Arakawa, Mitsuo. “Bungaku no naka no Toshi—William Blake to William Wordsworth no Baai [Cities in Literature—In the Cases of William Blake and William Wordsworth].” Tohoku Gakuin Daigaku Ronshu, Ningen Gengo, Joho, Tohoku Gakuin Daigaku Gakujutsu Kenkyukai: The Tohoku Gakuin University Review, Human, Linguistics, and Information Sciences, The Research Association, Tohoku Gakuin University, No. 110 (1995), 73-91. In Japanese.

Baldwin, Michael. “Between Agues and the Muse: Blake would recognize the old place ....” Guardian, 10 August 1991.

About Blake’s cottage at Felpham.

Barry, Kevin. “Autonomous song: [Michel-Paul Guy de] Chabanon and Blake.” Pp. 65-78 of chapter 2: “William Blake and William Cowper” (56-93, 198-203) of his Language, music, and the sign: A study in aesthetics, poetics and poetic practice from Collins to Coleridge. (Cambridge, N.Y., New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 1987).

A survey of “the most important ideas about music in the later poetry of the eighteenth century” (56).

*Beer, John. “Prophetic Affluence in the 1790s.” Chapter 2 (23-48, 257-62 of his Romantic Influences Contemporary-Victorian-Modern. (N.Y.: St Martin’s Press, 1993).

Concerns especially Blake, Wordsworth, and Coleridge. Blake is also dealt with in “Flowings” (chapter 1, 1-22, 156-57).

Behrendt, Stephen C., Reading William Blake (1992) <BBS 364>.

Review

1 §James O. Allsup, Wordsworth Circle, XXV (1994), 219- begin page 136 | back to top 21 (“a golden string that leads us in at the gate of a cleansed perception of not only literature but criticism”).

*Bentley, G. E., Jr. “The Journeyman and the Genius: James Parker and His Partner William Blake With a List of Parker’s Engravings.” Studies in Bibliography, XLIX (1996), 208-31 plus 6 plates.

“The career of James Parker demonstrates what that of William Blake might have been like had he been a steady, reliable workman like Parker—and had he not been a genius” (220).

Bentley, G. E., Jr. “Rex v. Blake: Sussex Attitudes toward the Military and Blake’s Trial for Sedition in 1804.” Huntington Library Quarterly, LVI (1993), 83-89 <Blake (1994)>.

Reviews

1 R[obert]. F. G[leckner], Romantic Movement for 1993 (1994) (“Interesting additions to what we know already (largely from Bentley)”).

2 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies for 1993 (1996), 324 (“written fascinatingly”).

*Bindman, David. “Blake, William.” Vol. IV, pp. 116-23 of The Dictionary of Art. Ed. Janet Turner. (N.Y.: Grove’s Dictionaries; London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1996).

A good standard account.

Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly Volume XXVI, Number 2 (Fall 1992)

1 Marsha Keith Schuchard. “The Secret Masonic History of Blake’s Swedenborg Society.” Pp. 40-51.

Review

1 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies, LXXIV for 1993 (1996), 326 (it manifests “thorough researching”).

Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly Volume XXVI, Number 4 (Spring 1993)

1 John Vice, “William Blake—A Man Without Marx.” Pp. 162-65.

Review

1 I[rene] H. C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1993 (1994), 72 (a summary).

Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly Volume XXVII, Number 1 (Summer 1993):

1 G. E. Bentley, Jr. “‘Blake . . . Had No Quaritch’: The Sale of William Muir’s Blake Facsimiles.” Pp. 4-13.

Review

1 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies, LXXIV for 1993 (1996), 328 (“well-documented, comprehensively researched”).

2 *Keri Davies. “William Muir and the Blake Press at Edmonton with Muir’s letters to Kerrison Preston.” Pp. 14-25.

Review

1 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies, LXXIV for 1993 (1996), 328 (“well-documented, comprehensively researched”).

Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly XXVII, Number 2 (Fall 1993)

1 Robert N. Essick, “Blake’s 1812 Exhibition.” Pp. 36-42.

Review

1 I[rene] H. C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1993 (1994), 67 (a carping summary).

Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly Volume XXVII, Number 3 (Winter 1993-94)

2 Paula R. Feldman, “Felicia Hemans and the Mythologizing of Blake’s Death.” Pp. 69-72.

Review

1 I[rene] H. C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1994 (1995), 43-44 (a summary).

3 Warren Stevenson, “The Image of Canada in Blake’s America a Prophecy.” Pp. 72-74.

Review

1 I[rene] H. C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1994 (1995), 45 (“Another argument from coincidence”).

Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly Volume XXVIII, Number 2 (Fall 1994)

2 Chris Orr, “The Life of W. Blake.” Pp. 35-38.

Review

1 I[rene] H. C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1994 (1995), 44 (“The six scenes reproduced are lively, allusive, and Hogarthian”).

1 Joseph Viscomi, “A Breach in a City the Morning after the Battle: Lost or Found?” Pp. 44-61.

Review

1 I[rene] H. C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1994 (1995), 46 (“highly detailed,” “enlightened” and “instructive”).

Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly Volume XXVIII, Number 2 (Fall 1994)

6 David Simpson, “Which Newton for the British Library?” Pp. 77-78.

Review

1 I[rene] H. C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1994 (1995), 45 (a summary).

Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly Volume XXVIII (1994-95)

1 Aileen Ward, “Who Was Robert Blake?” Pp. 84-89.

Review

1 I[rene] H. C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1994 (1995), 46 (“A very thorough reconsideration of the confused and confusing evidence”).

begin page 137 | back to top

Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly

Volume XXIX, Number 3 (Winter 1995/96 [4 April 1996]) 1 Martin Butlin. “A Rare Group of Early Twentieth-Century Watercolors by a Follower of William Blake.” Pp. 76-77. (Henry John Stock [1853-1930] was “befriended by W.J. Linton,” moved to Felpham, and painted from Revelation “Blakean subjects in totally un-Blakean style.”)

2 Max Browne. “A Blake Source for von Holst.” Pp. 78-81. (Theodor von Holst [1810-44] copied figures from Jerusalem [B?] pl. 1, 19, 21, 23.)

Reviews

3 Yoko Ima-Izumi. Review of G. E. Bentley, Jr. [with Keiko Aoyama], Blake Studies in Japan (1994<Blake 1995>), under Catalogues>. Pp. 82-88. (Mostly a useful “necessary historical explanation” concerning the Japanese Blake scholars discussed in the “valuable introduction” to Blake Studies in Japan [82].)

4 Michael Ferber. Review of The Early Illuminated Books, ed. Morris Eaves, Robert N. Essick, & Joseph Viscomi (1993). Pp. 88-90. (“An altogether splendid volume,” with “the most lucid and succinct summary of Blake’s methods of book production that I have seen” [88].)

5 Dennis M. Read. Review of Milton a Poem and the Final Illuminated Books, ed. Robert N. Essick & Joseph Viscomi (1993). Pp. 91-92. (“There is much to praise, little to question, and less to criticize in this splendid volume” [92].)

6 Harriet Linkin. Review of Molly Anne Rothenberg, Rethinking Blake’s Textuality (1993). Pp. 92-94. (A “few important close readings beautifully ground Rothenberg’s astute but sometimes theory-thick discussion of philosophical and religious contemporary contexts to compensate for whatever imperfections the book contains” [94].)

7 Andrew Lincoln. Review of George Anthony Rosso, Jr., Blake’s Prophetic Workshop (1993). Pp. 95-96. (“Some of the assumptions and methods involved seem questionable” [95].)

8 Janet Warner. Review of Steven Vine, Blake’s Poetry: Spectral Visions (1993). P. 96. (“Often the critic is undermined by the energy and mystery of his poet,” but “the approach that seemed confusing in The Four Zoas works brilliantly in Vine’s concise discussions of Milton and Jerusalem.”)

9 Andrew Lincoln. Review of the production of Blake’s Innocence and Experience by Elliot Hayes [1983 <BBS 503>], with Michael Loughnan as William Blake. Directed by Valerie Doulton; designed by Gary Thorne; music for songs by Loreena McKennitt. At the Tristan[e] Bates Theatre, Tower Street, London, 12-18 June 1995. P. 97. (“The limits of the play, and Valerie Doulton’s expert handling of them, make for a portrait that is definite, determinate, and impossible to forget.”)

10 Stephen Cox. Review of Jeanne Moskal, Blake, Ethics, and Forgiveness (1994). Pp. 97-102. (“A typical academic book” whose “problems are not all stylistic and organizational,” for “Some of Moskal’s[e] intellectual positions have not been thought through carefully enough” [97, 102].)

11 Keri Davies. Review of “‘The Genitals are Beauty.’ Exhibition of ‘An Interior of William Blake.’ House of William Blake, London. July-August, 1994.”2424 The title here is confused. The exhibition of “An Interior for [sic] William Blake” <Blake (1995)> was on 1-14 August 1994; that of “The Genitals are Beauty” <Blake (1996)> (reviewed here) was on 6-17 February 1995, as the review makes clear. Pp. 102-03. (The genitalia exhibition “tied together a roomful of genitals with some of the kitschy inheritance of St. Valentine’s Day.”)

Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly

Volume XXIX, No. 4 (Spring [July] 1996)

1 *Robert N. Essick. “Blake in the Marketplace, 1995, Including a Survey of Blakes in Private Ownership.” Pp. 108-30. (A masterfully detailed catalogue, including as an “Appendix: New Information on Blake’s Engravings” [130].)

2 *G. E. Bentley, Jr., With the Assistance of Keiko Aoyama for Japanese Publications. “William Blake and His Circle: A Checklist of Publications and Discoveries in 1995.” Pp. 131-68.

Newsletter2525 Omitting items irrelevant to William Blake.

3 Anon. “William Blake Collection Moves Home.” P. 168. (The Preston Blake Collection has been moved from a branch of the Westminster Public Library [at 35 St Martin’s Street] to the City of Westminster Archives Centre [at 20 St Anne Street].)

4 Anon. “Blakean Art News: Milton.” (Milton [i.e., “The Bard’s Song”] will be performed twice, apparently by Golgonooza Productions, in Boulder, Colorado, in November 1996, with “a virtual universe based on Blake’s artwork.”)

Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly

Volume XXX, Number 1 (Summer [September] 1996)

1 Joseph Viscomi. “A ‘Green House’ for Butts? New Information on Thomas Butts, His Residences, and Family.” Pp. 4-21. (An enormous mass of valuable detail about the family and residences of Thomas Butts’s family suggests that his son Thomas Butts [Jr.] may not have been the anonymous vendor of the Blakes in the Sotheby sales of 26-27 March and 26 June 1852 [20].)

2 Denise Vultee. “Apollonian Elephant?” P. 22. (The “Apollonian elephant,” as E.G. Marsh in 1802 identifies Blake’s engraving for Hayley’s Elephant Ballad, derives not from the elephant-free Argonautica of Apollonius of Rhodes referred to in the same letter but from Philostratus’ The Life of Apollonius of Tyana, a neo-Pythagorean philosopher of the first century A.D.)

3 David Caplan. “Blake in Boca Raton.” P. 22. (A poem.)

Reviews

4 Michael Gamer, Paul Wayne Rodney, & Nanora Sweet. Review of David Simpson, Romanticism, Nationalism, and the Revolt against Theory (1993). Pp. 23-25. (It is “an embodiment begin page 138 | back to top of the romantic ‘methods’ of Germaine de Staël and Samuel Taylor Coleridge” [23].)

5 G. E. Bentley, Jr. Review of Donald Fitch, Blake Set to Music (1990). Pp. 25-31. (“Fitch’s search for music set to Blake texts seems to have been wonderfully comprehensive” [27]; the Appendix here [28-31] lists addenda and corrigenda.)

§Bowra, Cecil Maurice. “On Blake’s ‘The Tiger [sic].’” Vol. II, p. 84, of Readings for Liberal Education. Ed. Louis Glenn Locke, William Merriam Gibson, & George Warren Arms. (Rinehart, 1948) B. Revised edition. (1952).

§Bradford, Richard. “Blake and the Arbitrary Use of Language.” In his A Literary History of English Poetry. (London & N.Y.: Routledge, 1993).

Brammer, Marsanne Carolee. “Poetics of the Incommensurable: Classical Scientific Epistemology and Mystical Discourse in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century British Literature.” DAI, LVI (1995), 353A. California (San Diego) Ph.D.

The thesis “focuses on the ways in which the illuminated writings of William Blake and James Joyce’s Ulysses develop a poetics of the incommensurable”; Blake is in chapter 3-4.

Brown, Marshall. “Stealing a Self: Schiller and Blake.” Pp. 104-12 of chapter 5 (81-112), “The Economy of Sensibility,” in his Preromanticism. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991).

Bull, Malcolm. “Blake and Watts in Songs of Experience.N&Q, CCXLI [N.S., XLIII] (1996), 27-29.

In “I saw a chapel all of gold” and “The Garden of Love,” Blake is alleged to be “clearly rewriting Watts,” “The Church the Garden of Christ.”

Bungey, Margurite. “Well-loved family hymns: No. 6: Jerusalem by William Blake (1757-1827).” This England, XVIII, No. 1 (Spring 1985), 26-29.

With photographs of Blake’s cottage and the Fox Inn at Felpham.

Butt, William. “Robert Gourlay’s Millennial Vision: A Reader’s Guide.Journal of Canadian Studies: Revue d’études canadiennes, XXIV (1989), 66-80.

It is about the vague “correspondence between Gourlay’s writing and that Blake” (68), though Gourlay (d. 1863), a Canadian reformer, never mentions Blake.

§Castoren, Gunnar. “William Blake.” Svenska Dagbladet, 11, 14 January 1909. In Swedish.

*Chauvin, Danièle. L’Œuvre de William Blake (1992) <Blake (1994)>.

Review

1 Robert Davreu, Romantisme, No. 83 (1994), 115-16 (“lumineuse et convaicante”).

Chayes, Irene H. “Picture and Page, Reader and Viewer in Blake’s Night Thoughts Illustrations.” Studies in Romanticism, XXX (1991), 439-71 <BBS 436>.

Review

1 D. V. E[rdman], Romantic Movement for 1993 (1994), 64-65 (“A valuable program from which all Blakeists can benefit”).

Clark, Steve, & David Worrall, ed. Historicizing Blake (1994) <Blake (1995>.

7 Andrew Lincoln. “Blake and the ‘Reasoning Historian.’” Pp. 73-85.

Material from it is incorporated in revised form in his Spiritual History: A Reading of William Blake’s Vala or The Four Zoas (1995).

Review

1 §Jason Whittaker, BARS Bulletin and Review, No. 9 (November 1995), 19.

Clarke, Lorraine, Blake, Kierkegaard, and the Spectre of Dialectic (1991) <BBS 438>.

Reviews

1 §Michael Fischer, Wordsworth Circle, XXIV (1993), 230-32.

2 François Piquet, Etudes Anglaises, XLVII (1994), 478-79 (a work of “érudition précise”).

Commander, John. “Dereliction.” London Review of Books, 21 March 1996, p. 5.

He deplores the absence of “critical comment on, or response to” the scholarship in the Blake Trust volumes which Iain Sinclair was purporting to review.

§Courthope, William John. “Democracy and Lyric Poetry, Scottish and English.” Vol. VI, 52-83 of his A History of English Poetry. (London & N.Y.: Macmillan, 1895-1910). B.

§(London: Macmillan & Co., 1922-1925) C. §(N.Y.: Russell & Russell, 1962).

Said to concern Blake.

Cox, Stephen, Love and Logic: The Evolution of Blake’s Thought (1992) <BBS 444>.

Review

2 Kathleen Lundeen. European Romantic Review, V (1994), 127-31 (“challenging, controversial” [131]).

Cranston, Maurice. The Romantic Movement. (Oxford & Cambridge [U.S.A.]: Blackwells, 1994). Pp. 52-56.

Crisman, William. “Songs named ‘Song’ and the Bond of the Self-Conscious Lyricism in William Blake.” ELH, LXI (1994), 619-33 <Blake (1995)>.

begin page 139 | back to top

Review

1 I[rene] H. C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1994 (1995), 43 (a summary). Curran, Stuart, & Joseph A. Wittreich, Jr., ed., Blake’s Sublime Allegory (1973) <BB #A1437 5>.

Jean H. Hagstrum. “Babylon Revisited, or the Story of Luvah and Vala.” B. “Slightly abbreviated” in William Blake, ed. David Punter (1996), 36-53.

Davie, Donald. “Conclusion.” Pp. 155-58 of his The Eighteenth-Century Hymn in England. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).

Blake’s “point of view [was] unChristian” and his “Jerusalem” from Milton is not a hymn, partly because it “has no argument at all.”

Davies, J. M. Q. Blake’s Milton Designs (1993) <Blake (1995)>.

Reviews

1 I[rene] H. C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1993 (1994), 65-66 (a carping summary).

2 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies, LXXIV for 1993 (1996), 325 (“learned readings of Blake’s Milton designs”).

Davreu, Robert. “Londres, Blake et Wordsworth: genèse poétique d’une vision moderne de la ville.” Romantisme, No. 83 (1994), 38-48.

See especially “W. Blake: Londres, ville maudite, promesse de cité sainte” (40-42).

Day, Aidan. Romanticism. (London & N.Y.: Routledge, 1996) The New Critical Idiom.

Blake is particularly on pp. 17-26 in a section called “Enlightenment or Romantic.”

De Luca, V. A., Words of Eternity (1991) <BBS 450>.

Review

9 Jonathan Lamb, Huntington Library Quarterly, LVI (1993), 191-207.

Den Otter, A. G. “True, Right, and Good: Blake’s Argument for Vision in Jerusalem.” Philological Quarterly, LXXII (1993), 73-96 <Blake (1994)>.

Review

1 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies, LXXIV for 1993 (1996), 327 (“interesting”).

Dörrbecker, D. W. “Blake, William.” Vol. XI, 359-66 of Allgemeines Künstler-Lexikon: Die Bildenden Künstler aller Zeiten und Völker. (München-Leipzig: K.G. Saur, 1995).

A densely-packed essay, with extensive bibliographical references; there are also entries by the same author on Catherine Blake (the poet’s wife [353]) and Robert Blake (his brother [358]).

It is a kind of replacement for A. G. B. Russell, “Blake, William,” Vol.IV, pp. 84-88 of Allgemeines Lexicon der Bildender Künstler, ed. Ulrich Thieme & Felix Becker (1910) <BB>.

Eaves, Morris, The Counter-Arts Conspiracy (1992) <Blake (1993)>.

Reviews

1 §Tim Cloudsley, History of European Ideas, XVIII (1994), 1042-44.

2 §Mark Hallett, Art History, XVIII (1995), 608-09.

3 Brian Wilkie, Yearbook of English Studies, XXV (1995), 299-300 (it shows “considerable erudition” and “great imaginative power”).

4 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies, LXXIV for 1993 (1996), 326 (“an original and very significant contribution”).

Eaves, Morris, & Michael Fischer, ed., Romanticism and Contemporary Criticism (1986) <BBS 576>.

W. J. T. Mitchell. “Visible Language: Blake’s Wond’rous Art of Writing.” B. Reprinted without the section on calligraphy, “Human Letters,” in William Blake, ed. David Punter (1996), pp. 123-48.

Eliot, T. S. “Mad Naked Blake.” (1920) <BB # >.

Translated into Chinese by Yi Yang with her Tianzhen yu jing yan zhige [Songs of Innocence and of Experience] (1988).

*Endo, Toru. “Blake ni okeru Ryutai Imegi—18-seiki Kagaku Shiso to Blake: Images of Liquid in Blake’s Poetry [—Science in the 18th Century and Blake].” Igirisu Romanha Kenkyu, Igirisu Romanha Gakkai: Essays in English Romanticism, Japan Association of English Romanticism, No. 19-20 (1996), 49-58. In Japanese.

*Engetsu, Katsuhiro. “Meikyu no Blake—Mil/ton Zen [1]2 kan o yomu: Blake in the Labyrinth—Reading Mil/ton in [1]2 Books.” Doshisha Daigaku Eigo Eibungaku Kenkyu: Doshisha Studies in English, the Literary Association, Doshisha University, No. 65 (1995), 19-50. In Japanese, with an English abstract on 51-52.

Erdman, David V., ed., Blake and His Bibles (1990) <BBS 462-63>.

Reviews

1 §David Fuller, Durham University Journal, N.S. LIV (January 1993), 115-19 (with Robert N. Essick, William Blake’s Commercial Book Illustrations [see 1991]).

2 Brian Wilkie, Yearbook of English Studies, XXIII (1993), 351-52 (praise).

Erdman, David V., & John E. Grant, ed., Blake’s Visionary Forms Dramatic, (1970) <BB #1580 A>.

George Quasha. “Orc as a Fiery Paradigm of Poetic Torsion.” B. “Reproduced in a slightly abbreviated form” in William Blake, ed. David Punter (1996), 16-35.

begin page 140 | back to top

§Ernst, C. “The Vocation of Nature.” Pp. 59-73 of The Limits of Human Nature: Essays Based on a Course of Lectures Given at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, London. Ed. Jonathan Benthall. (London: Dutton, 1974).

Said to concern Blake.

Esterhammer, Angela. “The Constitution of Blake’s Innocence and Experience.” English Studies in Canada, X (1993), 151-60.

Review

1 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies, LXXIV for 1993 (1996), 328 (it shows “elegant clarity”).

Fausset, Hugh I’anson. “William Blake.” Chapter 6 (152-64) of his Studies in Idealism. (London & N.Y., 1923) <BB> B. §(Port Washington [N.Y.], Kennikat, 1965).

§Freeman, Kathryn S. Blake’s Nostos: Fragmentation and Non-Dualism in The Four Zoas. (State University of New York, 1977) SUNY Series in Western Esoteric Traditions. 192 pp. ISBN: 0-7914-3298-X.

Freeman, Kathryn S. “Narrative Fragmentation and Undifferentiated Consciousness in Blake’s The Four Zoas.European Romantic Review, V (1995), 178-92.

Furtwangler, Albert. “Jefferson’s Trinity.” Pp. 115-37 of his American Silhouettes: Rhetorical Identities of the Founders. (New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1987).

Bacon, Newton, & Locke were reverenced by Jefferson and deplored by Blake (128-34).

Glausser, Wayne. “Atomistic Simulacra in the Enlightenment and in Blake’s Post-Enlightenment.” Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation, XXXII (1991), 73-88 <Blake (1996)§>.

“Spectres and emanations can both trace their lineage back through [Epicurean] atomism” (75).

Glendening, John. “Ezra Pound and Ezra Pound’s Blake: Method in Madness, Madness in Method.” Paideuma, XX (1991), 95-106.

In Canto 16, “the apparent madness of the Blake passage reflects, parodies, and hence resists the madness Pound saw not only in Blake’s method, but also, quite possibly, in himself” (107).

Goyder, George, Signs of Grace (1993) <Blake (1996)>.

Review

1 Tim Heath, Journal of the Blake Society (1996), 75-77 (it is a “clear and orderly” autobiography).

Groves, David. “‘W—M B—E, A Great Original’: William Blake, The Grave, and James Hogg’s Confessions.Scottish Literary Journal, XVIII, No. 2 (November 1991), 27-45 <BBS 496>.

Review

1 R. F. G[leckner], Romantic Movement for 1993 (1994), 67 (the claim that the W—M B—E is William Blake evokes a succinct “Oh my!”).

*Grundy, Thomas E. “An Eye of gifts & graces: A Reading of Blake’s The Book of Thel.Nagoya Daigaku Bungakubu Kenkyu Ronshu, Bungaku 41: The Journal of the Faculty of Letters, Nagoya University, Literature 42, No. 124 (1996), 49-78.

Gurney, Stephen. “William Blake.” Chapter 2 (26-41, 318) of his British Poets of the Nineteenth Century. (N.Y.: Twayne Publishers; Toronto: Maxwell Macmillan Canada; N.Y., Oxford, Singapore, Sydney: Maxwell Macmillan International, 1993).

A general account.

Haigwood, Laura. “Blake’s Visions of the Daughters of Albion: Revising an Interpretive Tradition.” San Jose Studies, XI, No. 2 [1985] <BBS 498>. B. Reprinted in William Blake, ed. David Punter (1996), 94-107.

§Hampton, Christopher. “Blake’s Dialectic: The Prolongation of Mental War.” In his Socialism in a Crippled World. (London: Penguin, 1981).

§Hampton, Christopher. The Ideology of the Text. (The Open University, 1990).

It contains a chapter on Blake.

*Harbison, Robert. “The Cult of Death.” Chapter 2 (25-62) of his Deliberate Regression. (London: André Deutsch Ltd, 1980) B. §(N.Y. Knopf, 1980).

Blake is dealt with particularly on pp. 40-45.

*Harman, Clare. “Revealed: Blake’s vision of a British statue of liberty: A millenium monument? It won’t match a towering idea they had 200 years ago.” Independent on Sunday, 20 October 1996, p. 7.

On Flaxman’s design for a Naval Monument (1800), scarcely related to either a revelation or Blake.

Harris, R. W. “The New Jerusalem of William Blake.” Chapter 8 (149-69) of his Romanticism and the Social Order 1780-1830. (London: Blandford Press, 1969) Blandford History and Literature Series.

A very general introduction to the poetry; “he was less interested in politics as such than in the moral problems and conflicts within his own breast” (149).

Hayes, Elliot, Blake’s Innocence and Experience (1983), play performance <BBS 503>.

begin page 141 | back to top

Review

1 Andrew Lincoln, Blake, XXIX, 3 (Winter 1995-96), 97 (“the limits of the play, and Valerie Doulton’s expert handling of them, make for a portrait that is definite, determinate, and impossible to forget”).

§*Henderson, Jeff. “Right License: Blake’s Reading/Painting of the Canterbury Pilgrims.” Publications of the Arkansas Philological Association, XVIII, 2 (1992), 1-14.

Hilton, Nelson. Literal Imagination [1983] <BBS 507).

“Blake in the Chains of Being” is reprinted in William Blake, ed. David Punter (1996), 71-93.

Hilton, Nelson, & Thomas Vogler, ed. Unnam’d Forms (1986) <BBS 508>.

Gavin Edwards. “Repeating the Same Dull Round.” B. The “first half” is reprinted in William Blake, ed. David Punter (1996), 108-22.

David Simpson. “Reading Blake and Derrida—Our Caesars neither Praised nor Buried.” B. Reprinted in William Blake, ed. David Punter (1996), 149-64.

Hobson, Christopher Z. “‘The Chained Boys’: Orc and Blake’s Idea of Revolution.” DAI, LVI (1995), 1367A. City University of New York Ph.D. (1995).

Hoerner, Fred. “Prolific Reflections: Blake’s Contortion of Surveillance in Visions of the Daughters of Albion.Studies in Romanticism, XXXV (1996), 119-50.

About Oothoon and Locke.

§Holten, Ragnar von. “Profet och bildmakare.” Svenska Dagbladet, 22 April 1978. In Swedish.

James, David E. “Angels out of the Sun: Art, Religion and Politics in Blake’s America.Studies in Romanticism, XVIII (1979) <BBS 524> B. Reprinted in “abbreviated” form in William Blake, ed. David Punter (1996), 54-70.

James, G. Ingli. “William Blake and Feminist Theology: Some Observations on the Affinities.” Feminist Theology, No. 11 (January 1996), 72-85.

Chiefly concerned with “how much there is in Blake which particularly resonates with feminist theology, both . . . Christian and post-Christian,” “even if he was an mcp” (73, 85).

James, Joan E., & G. Ingli James. “Blake’s ‘The Clod and the Pebble’: Some Christian-Feminist Observations.” Feminist Theology, No. 6 (May 1994), 48-52.

Perhaps “love, properly understood, is neither exclusively passive nor exclusively active” (52).

§Jossua, Jean-Pierre. Pour une histoire religieuse de l’expérience littéraire. Vol. II: La Poésie moderne. (Paris: Beauchesne, 1990).

Said to be about Blake.

Journal of the Blake Society at St James (1995) <Blake (1996)>.

10 Jim Dewhurst, “Is The Tyger All About IT?” Pp. 3-6. See Journal of the Blake Society (1996) for a letter of agreement by Thomas F. Dillingham and an account by Dewhurst of the origin of his essay.

*The Journal of the Blake Society at St. James (1996).

1 The Editors [Jim Dewhurst & ?Pauline Wilson2626 Jim Dewhurst is said to be “Co-designer of this journal interior with Pauline Wilson” (80). ]. “Editorial.” P. 2. (An invitation for “contributions on any work that is conceived within a Blakean spirit, however that may be defined.”)

2 Peter Ackroyd. “The Writing of Blake.” Pp. 3-4. (A general account of the writing of his biography called Blake.)

3 *G. E. Bentley Jr. “‘I Hear a Voice You Cannot Hear’: William Blake’s Audiences.” Pp. 5-18. (“The world was not much interested in William Blake . . . the audience he most valued was in heaven and in his own mind” [18].)

4 *Michael Grenfell. “Blake And Gnosis.” Pp. 19-29. (“Working notes” on Gnosticism with the premise that “A Gnostic view is ‘the’ key to understanding Blake’s dense mythologies” [20, 19].)

5 *James Bogan. “Blake on a Bike: Following the Footsteps of Los’ Epic Ramble in Jerusalem.” Pp. 30-47. (An amusing “centrifugal lark” [45].)

6 Jason Whittaker. “Blake and the Native Tradition.” Pp. 48-56. (An attempt “to sketch briefly the significance of the giant Albion and two groups of his sons, the bards and druids, for Blake’s religious vision” [48].)

7 Chris Rubinstein. “Xword.” Pp. 57-60. (With Blake-context clues such as “Scoundrel who knew. Mary Wollstonecraft,” five letters presumably for Imlay, the lover of Mary Wollstonecraft.)

8 Chris Rubinstein. “” An Imaginative Exercise: Blake Writes London.” P. 60. (A poem.)

Correspondence

9 Thomas F. Dillingham. “Blake and The Tyger.” Pp. 60-61. (Agrees with Jim Dewhurst, “Is The Tyger All About IT?,” Journal of the Blake Society [1995], 33-36, “that the tiger is, at least in part, an embodiment of the sexual energy of the phallus”; with a “Note from Jim Dewhurst” [61] about the origin of his essay.)

10 Michael Edwards. “William Blake on Tape.” P. 61. (Would anyone like to finance and promote his tape of a reading by a Dartington College student from the Songs and Marriage “with my music score”?)

Information

11 Chris Rubinstein. “Memorabilia (2).” P. 62. (The Finch Foundry, which “dates from around 1800,” is at Sticklepath.)

begin page 142 | back to top

12 Kevin Kewell. “Blake on the Internet.” Pp. 62-63. (“blake@albion.com . . . is an ‘electronic concert dedicated to the life and work of William Blake’,” and “http:library.utoronto.ca/www/utel rp/authors blake.html” has “much to say on Blake and English poetry.”)

13 Anon. “The Hammer of Los—‘I remember! I remember!’” P. 63. (There were four performances in October 1996, and “Any financial contributions welcomed!”)

14 Anon. “The Blake Society and Blake Journal.” P. 64. (General accounts.)

15 Anon. “Depression is a Gift.” P. 64. (Solicitation for contributions to the next exhibition at the House of William Blake.)

Reviews

16 Sarah Joyce. Review of David Annwn, Hear the Voice of the Bard! (1995). Pp. 65-67. (The book is a “perceptive reading” of the “Introduction” to Experience.)

17 Sunao Vagabond [stage name of Andrew Vernède]. Review of Andrew Solomon, Blake’s Job (1995). Pp. 67-69. (A “marvellous book,” “astoundingly well-informed.”)

18 Peter Cadogan. Review of Jon Mee, Dangerous Enthusiasm (1992). P. 70. (“A notice rather than a review” of “a brilliant book,” “most interesting.”)

19 Peter Cadogan. Review of George Goyder, The Just Enterprise. Pp. 70-72. (The book, by the President of the Blake Society, is about what happens “if we treat human beings as human beings” in industry.)

20 Andrew Vernède. Review of Elliott Hayes, Blake—Innocence and Experience: A Play. Pp. 72-75. (A review of a performance at Tristan Bates Theatre, n.d.)

21 Tim Heath. Review of George Goyder, Signs of Grace (1993). Pp. 75-77. (It is a “clear and orderly” autobiography.)

22 Tim Heath. Review of Peter Ackroyd, Blake (1995). Pp. 77-79. (Ackroyd “builds up a life, slowly, with care and with detail.”)

Kaplan, Marc A. “Weeping woman/weaving woman: gender roles in Blake’s mythology.” DAI, LVI (1995), 369A. California (Los Angeles) Ph.D. (1993).

“Sexism is not incidental to Blake’s system, but fundamental.”

Kawasaki, Noriko. “Blake ni okeru Ifuku no Imi [The Symbolic Meanings of Clothing in William Blake].” Echudo, Ochanomizu Joshi Daigaku Daigakuin Eibungakkai: Etude [Society of English Literature, Graduate School of Ochanomizu Women’s University], No. 19 [1989], 40-52 <BBS 532>. B. Reprinted as chapter 3 (67-89) of her Eden wa Ki taka: William Blake Ronshu: On the Location of Eden: Studies on William Blake. (Tokyo: Kindai Bungeisha, 1996) In Japanese.

§Kawasaki, Noriko. “Eden wa Kita ka: Damon no Blake Dikushonari Saiko: On the Location of Eden: Reconsidering S.F. Damon’s A Blake Dictionary.Ningen Bunka Kenkyu Nenpo, Ochanomizu Joshi Daigaku: Bulletin of the Doctoral Research Course in Human Culture [Ochanomizu Women’s University], No. 17 [1994]. B. Reprinted in chapter 2 (5-38) of her Eden wa Kitaka: William Blake Ronshu: On the Location of Eden: Studies on William Blake. (Tokyo: Kindai Bungeisha, 1996) In Japanese.

*Kawasaki, Noriko. Eden wa Kita ka: William Blake Ronshu: On the Location of Eden: Studies on William Blake. (Tokyo: Kindai Bungeisha, 1996) 149 pp. ISBN: 4-7733-5907-2 C0095. In Japanese.

The book consists of reprinted essays:

1 “Eden wa Kita ka: Damon no Blake Dikushonari Saiko: On the Location of Eden: Reconsidering S.F. Damon’s A Blake Dictionary.” Pp. 5-38. (Reprinted from Ningen Bunka Kenkyu Nenpo, Ochanomizu Joshi Daigaku: Bulletin of the Doctoral Research Course in Human Culture [Ochanomizu Women’s University], No. 17 [1994].)

2 “Maigo no Imeji ni tsuite: William Blake to Makuranososhi ‘Mino Mushi’ no Dan no Hikaku Kenkyu: On the Imagery of the Lost Child: Starting from a Comparative Study of William Blake’s Poetry and the ‘Minomushi’ Passage of Makura-no-Soshi.” Pp. 39-66. (Reprinted from Ningen Bunka Kenkyu Nenpo, Ochanomizu Joshi Daigaku: Bulletin of the Doctoral Research Course in Human Culture [Ochanomizu Women’s University], No. 12 [1988], 75-89.)

3 “Blake ni okeru Ifuku no Imi: The Symbolic Meanings of Clothing in William Blake.” Pp. 67-89. (Reprinted from Echudo, Ochanomizu Joshi Daigaku Daigakuin Eibungakkai: Etude [Society of English Literature, Graduate School of Ochanomizu Women’s University], No. 19 [1989], 40-52.)

4 “Kozetsu no Iso—Blake no ‘Maigo no Otokonoko’: Phases of Alienation: William Blake’s ‘The Little Boy Lost.’” Pp. 91-105. (Reprinted from Romanha Kenkyu, Igirisu Romanha Gakkai: Essays in English Romanticism, Japan Association of English Romanticism, No. 14 [1990], 8-15.)

5 “William Blake ni okeru ‘Mushi’ to ‘Katachi’: Form and Worm in William Blake.” Pp. 107-45. (Translated by the author into Japanese from pp. 96-113 of her essay in Centre and Circumference: Essays in English Romanticism [by members of the] Association of English Romanticism in Japan. Ed. Kenkichi Kamijima. [Tokyo: Kirihara Shoten, 1995].)

*Kawasaki, Noriko. “Maigo no Imeji ni tsuite: William Blake to Makura-nososhi ‘Mino Mushi’ no Dan no Hikaku Kenkyu: On the Imagery of the Lost Child: Starting from a Comparative Study of William Blake’s Poetry and the ‘Minomushi’ [Bagworm] Passage of Makura-no-Soshi.Ningen Bunka Kenkyu Nenpo, Ochanomizu Joshi Daigaku: Bulletin of the Doctoral Research Course in Human Culture [Ochanomizu Women’s University], No. 12 [1988], 75-89 <BBS 532>. B. Reprinted in chapter 1 (39-66) of her Eden begin page 143 | back to top wa Kita ka: William Blake Ronshu: On the Location of Eden: Studies on William Blake. (Tokyo: Kindai Bungeisha, 1996) In Japanese.

Minomushi passage is one of 300 passages in Sei Shonagon, Makura-no-Soshi [Pillow Talk] (early 11th Century).

Kawasaki, Noriko. “Satan no Chokoku—Blake no Milton ni tsuite ([1]-7)] [Transcending Satan-Self in Blake’s Milton].” Gifu Shiritsu Joshi Tankidaigaku Kenkyu Kiyo [Bulletin of Gifu City Women’s Junior College], No. 39 (1989), 39-46 <BBS 532>; No. 40 (1990), 49-55; No. 41 (1991), 149-55; No. 42 (1992), 27-32; No. 43; No. 44 (1994), 15-20; No. 45 (1995), 9-16. In Japanese.

No. 3 is sub-titled “‘pity’ to ‘shizumu Hi’ [‘pity’ and ‘the setting Sun’]”; from No. 44 (1994), both journal and essay titles appear also in translation.

Kawasaki, Noriko. “William Blake ni okeru ‘Mushi’ to ‘Katachi’: Form and Worm in William Blake.” Pp. 96-113 of Centre and Circumference: Essays in English Romanticism [by members of the] Association of English Romanticism in Japan. Ed. Kenkichi Kamijima. (Tokyo: Kirihara Shoten, 1995) <Blake (1996)>. B. Translated by the author into Japanese as chapter 5 (107-45) of her Eden wa Kitaka: William Blake Ronshu: On the Location of Eden: Studies on William Blake. (Tokyo: Kindai Bungeisha, 1996).

Kazin, Alfred. “An Introduction to William Blake.” Pp. 36-88 of his Inmost Leaf: A Selection of Essays. (N.Y., 1941) <BB> B. Pp. 1-55 of The Portable Blake, ed. Alfred Kazin. (N.Y., 1946) <BB> C. §(N.Y.: Harcourt, 1955).

§Kim, Ok Yub. “Blake eui Milton: jungshinjeok tujaeng eul wihan saeroun chutbal [Blake’s Milton: A New Start for Mental Conflict].” English Studies [of Seoul University], XVII (1993), 31-43. In Korean.

§Kim, Young Shik. “William Blake eui yokmang geungiung [Blake’s Eulogy on Human Desire].” Journal of English Language and Literature [of Chongjun, Korea], XXXIV (1993), 25-50. In Korean.

King, James. William Blake His Life (1991) <BBS 535-36>.

Review

4 Hatsuko Niimi, Studies in English Literature 1994 ([English Literary Society of Japan, ?1994]), 99-105.

Kovel, Joel. “Some Lines from Blake.” Chapter 14 (277-87) of his The Radical Spirit: Essays on Psychoanalysis and Society. (London: Free Association Books, 1988).

The lines from The Marriage: “Man has no Body distinct from his soul . . . Energy is Eternal Delight” “are an almost exact enunciation of what Freud held to be most essential about the psyche” (277).

Lambo, John. “The Imagination as Unifying Principle in the Works of Blake and Wordsworth.” Diogenes, XLI, No. 4 (1993), 59-72 <Blake (1995)§>.

“Blake and Wordsworth . . . essentially share the same world view” (59).

Leavis, F. R. “Justifying One’s Evaluation of Blake.” Human World, VI (May 1972), 58. B. Pp. 66-85 of William Blake: Essays in honour of Sir Geoffrey Keynes. Ed. Morton D. Paley & Michael Phillips (1973) <BB #2350 4> C. §Pp. 1-23 of The Critic as Anti-Philosopher: Essays & Papers. Ed. G. Singh. (Athens & London: University of Georgia Press, 1982).

Lincoln, Andrew. “Blake and the Natural History of Creation,” Essays and Studies 1986, N.S. XXXIX (1986), 94-103 <BBS>.

Material from it is incorporated in revised form in his Spiritual History: A Reading of William Blake’s Vala or The Four Zoas (1995).

Lincoln, Andrew. “Blake’s Lower Paradise: The Pastoral Passage in The Four Zoas, Night the Ninth,” Bulletin of Research in the Humanities, LXXXIV (1981), 470-78 <BBS>.

Material from it is incorporated in revised form in his Spiritual History: A Reading of William Blake’s Vala or The Four Zoas (1995).

Lincoln, A.W. J. “A history of the composition of William Blake’s Vala or The Four Zoas as revealed by a study of the surviving manuscript.” Index to [British] Theses, XXV (1977), 7 (#5470). Wales (Bangor) Ph.D. <Blake (1996)>.

It is clearly related to his Spiritual History: A Reading of William Blake’s Vala or The Four Zoas (1995).

Lincoln, Andrew. Spiritual History: A Reading of William Blake’s Vala or The Four Zoas. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995) 8°, xviii + 322 pp. ISBN: 0-19-818314-3.

An elaborate, detailed, and rewarding “staged reading” for “new readers of The Four Zoas” “that moves, as Blake himself moved, from simpler to more complex forms of writing” and stresses that Vala is “a universal history” with reference to contemporary historians such as Gibbon; Blake’s presentation of the Last Judgment suggests that “although Man has been imprisoned in a finite vision of the natural world, the prison is locked from the inside” (v, ix, 1, 190).

The “book incorporate[s] material revised from” his (1) “Blake’s Lower Paradise: The Pastoral Passage in The Four Zoas, Night the Ninth,” Bulletin of Research in the Humanities, LXXXIV (1981), 470-78; (2) “Blake and the Natural History of Creation,” Essays and Studies 1986, N.S. XXXIX (1986), 94-103; (3) “Blake and the ‘Reasoning Historian’,” 73-85 of Historicizing Blake, ed. Steve Clark & David Worrall (London, 1994) (xiv), and it is clearly related to his University begin page 144 | back to top of Wales (Bangor) doctoral dissertation entitled “A history of the composition of William Blake’s Vala or The Four Zoas as revealed by a study of the surviving manuscript” (c. 1977).

*Löchle, Dieter. William Blake—Roof’d in from Eternity: Erschienen als Begleitheft zur Ausstellung vom 3. April bis zum 25. Mai 1995 in der Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen. (Tübingen: Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 1995) 4°, 32 pp. <Blake (1996)§>.

The text consists of 10 excerpts from Blake in English and German plus reproductions plus comments. It is accompanied by 10 plates with designs loosely based on Blakean figures (first exhibited at Tübingen University Library, April-May 1995) enclosed in a portfolio entitled Dieter Löchle. William Blake—Roof’d in from Eternity. (Tübingen, Germany: Fockenberg 6/1994 [sic], 1995) Folio, 10 plates, no text.

Mackenzie, J. S. “Conventional Morality.” Chapter 6 (133-61) of his Arrows of Desire: Essays on Our National Character and Outlook. (London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1920).

About Blake’s attacks on Puritan morality (143-56).

Maeda, Yoshihiko. “Blake ni yoru Yaso Suisai Sashie No. 68 no Zuzo o megutte: Notes on the Iconography of Blake’s Design No. 68 for Young’s Night Thoughts.Rikkyo Daigaku Kenkyu Hokoku, Jinbunkagaku: St. Paul’s Review: Arts and Letters, College of General Education, Rikkyo University, No. 54 (1995), 41-96. In Japanese.

Matsushima, Shoichi. “Blake to Kindai Nippon—Yanagi Soetsu to Oe Kenzaburo no Baai [Blake and Modern Japan—Soetsu Yanagi and Kenzaburo Oe].” Gakushuin Daigaku Bungakubu Kenkyu Nenpo: The Annual Collection of Essays and Studies, Faculty of Letters, Gakushuin University, XLII (1995), 159-74. In Japanese.

Mee, Jon. Dangerous Enthusiasm (1992) <BBS 571>.

Reviews

3 §Michel Baridon, Dix-Huitième Siècle, XXV (1993), 601. 4 François Piquet, Etudes Anglaises, XLVII (1994), 339-40 (Mee is an “excellent connaisseur de la litérature radicale du temps”).

5 Peter Cadogan, Journal of the Blake Society (1996), 70 (“a notice rather than a review” of “a brilliant book,” “most interesting”).

Meller, Horst. “Lucifer Rearing from off the Pool: Revolutionary Romanticism and the Evolution of Satan.” Pp. 9-38 of Romantic Continuities: Papers Delivered at the Symposium of the ‘Gesellschaft für englischen Romantik’ held at the Catholic University of Eichstätt (October 1990). Ed. Günther Blaicher & Michael Gassenmeier. (Essen: Blaue Eule, 1992) Studien zur englishcen Romantik 4.

About illustrations of Milton’s Satan, especially by Blake, with 35 reproductions.

Merton, Thomas. “Blake and the New Theology.” Sewanee Review, LXXVI (1968), 673-82 <BBS 572>. B. §Pp. 3-11 of The Literary Essays of Thomas Merton. Ed. Brother Patrick Hart. (New Directions, 1981).

Miller, Dan, Mark Bracher, & Donald Ault, ed. Critical Paths (1987) <BBS 574>.

David Aers. “Representations of Revolution: From The French Revolution to The Four Zoas.” B. Reprinted in much shorter form in William Blake, ed. David Punter (1996), 165-87.

Brenda S. Webster. “Blake, Women, and Sexuality.” B. Reprinted in William Blake, ed. David Punter (1996), 188-206.

Morse, David. “The Figure of the Artist in English Romantic Poetry.” Chapter 6 (228-92) of his Romanticism: A Structural Analysis. (London & Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 1982) B. §(N.Y.: Barnes & Noble, 1982).

Blake is particularly on pp. 234-46.

*Morton, A. L. The Everlasting Gospel: A Study in the Sources of William Blake (1958) <BB #2251>. B. Blake to [and] Ranters: Blake Shiso no Gensen [Sources of Blake’s Thoughts]. Tr. Shoichi Matsushima into Japanese. (Tokyo: Hokuseido Shoten, 1996) 155 pp. ISBN: 590-10105-1 C3098.

The Japanese version includes “Blake Nenpu [Blake Chronicle]” (123-36), “Nihon ni okeru Blake Bunken [Blake Bibliography in Japan]” (137-48), and “Yakusha Atogaki [Translator’s Afterword]” (149-55).

Moskal, Jeanne, Blake, Ethics, and Forgiveness (1994) <Blake (1995)>.

Reviews

1 Anon., Chronicle of Higher Education (June 1994) (a onesentence summary).

2 Kay Kimbrough, Harbinger (it is “outstanding” for “demonstrating” the “evolution” of Blake’s ethical views and for illuminating Blake as an “original visionary prophet”).

3 J. T. Lynch, Humanities: Language & Literature—English & American, XXXII, No. 4 (December 1994) (“the focus is narrow without always being sharp; the readings are sometimes belabored; and the importance of her topic is overstated”).

4 David L. Clark, Christianity and Literature, XLIV, No. 3-4 [sic] (Spring-Summer 1995), 397-400 (“even-handed” and “powerfully illuminating”).

5 Thomas L. Cooksey, South Atlantic Review, LX, No. 3 (September 1995), 123-25 (a “useful contribution,” “thorough and well-informed, if at times monotonous” which shows begin page 145 | back to top that “the intrapsychic wins out over the intersubjective”). 6 Steven Cox, Blake, XXIX, 3 (Winter 1995-96), 97-102 (“a typical academic book” whose “problems are not all stylistic and organizational,” for “Some of Moskal’s intellectual positions have not been thought through carefully enough” [97, 102]).

7 D. Bg, Academic Library Books Review (April 1996) (“It contributes to our understanding of Blake’s struggle to represent human forgiveness in his work”).

8 Jason Whittaker, BARS Bulletin & Review, No. 10 (May 1996), 12-13 (almost entirely summary).

9 Doug Thorpe, Religion & Literature, XXVIII, No. 1 (Spring 1996), 129 (with E. P. Thompson, Witness Against the Beast [1993]) (a summary).

10 §Margaret Storch, Modern Language Review, XCI, No. 2 (1996), 458-59 (with Joseph Viscomi, Blake and the Idea of the Book [1994]).

11 David Worrall, Byron Journal (Summer 1996), 96 (“a brave and important study”).

Muhlestein, Daniel K. “(Re)Reading ‘The Chimney Sweeper’: Western Marxism, Christian Faith, and a Negative Hermeneutics of Critical Demystification.” Literature and Belief: Center for the Study of Christian Values, Brigham Young University, XIII (1993), 69-94.

Three readings of “The Chimney Sweeper” from Innocence, one Marxist.

Murry, John Middleton. “William Blake and Revolution.” New Adelphi, N.S. IV (1932), 536-43 <BB #2237>. B. Tr. Bunsho Jugaku, Blake to Whitman, II (1932), 489-91 <BB #1219 25>. C. §Pp. 55-66 of Essays of the Year 1931-1932. (Fort Lee [New Jersey]: Argonaut, 1932).

§Nemerov, Howard, “Poetry, Prophecy, Prediction.” Pp. 208-21 of his Reflexions on Poetry & Poetics. (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1972).

Said to be about Blake.

Nemerov, Howard. “Two Ways of Imagination: Blake & Wordsworth.” Carlton Miscellany, V (1964), 18-41 <BB #2280>. B. §Pp. 102-23 of his Reflexions on Poetry & Poetics. (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1972) C. §Pp. 140-60 of his New and Selected Essays. (Carbondale: Southern Illinois Press, 1985).

§Niikura, Shunichi. “Blake to Seisho [Blake and the Bible].” Meiji Gakuin Daigaku Kirisutokyo Kenkyujo Kiyo [The Bulletin of the Research Association of Christianity, Meiji Gakuin University], No. 28 (1995), 51-69. In Japanese.

Niimi, Hatsuko. “Blake no ‘Yameru Bara’ no Hi-Genteisei (1): The Indefinability of Blake’s ‘The Sick Rose’ (1).” Nihon Joshi Daigaku Eibeibungaku Kenkyu: Studies in English and American Literature, The English Literary Society of Japan Women’s University, No. 31 (1996), 1-14. In Japanese. Norvig, Gerda S. Dark Figures in the Desired Country (1993) <Blake (1994)>.

Review

5 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies for 1993 (1996), 324 (the book “is highly compromised by the neglect of the materiality of the pictures . . . unnerving at best and questionable at worst”).

§Odden, Danile. “Blake, Wordsworth, and the French Revolution.” Humanist Dagarna: Att Först å Europa [Humanities Days: To Understand Europe], ([University of Uppsala] 1994), 147-51.

O’Keefe, Richard Robert. “Mythic archetypes in Ralph Waldo Emerson: A Blakean Reading.” Pennsylvania State Ph.D. 1991 <BBS 591>.

Presumably it is the basis for his book with the same title (1995).

§O’Keefe, Richard. Mythic Archetypes in Ralph Waldo Emerson: A Blakean Reading. ([Kent, Ohio:] Kent State University Press, 1995) ISBN: 0-87338-518-7.

Presumably it derives from his 1991 Pennsylvania State dissertation with the same title <BBS 591>.

Review

1 §P. J. Ferlazzo, Choice, XXXIII (1996), 1312-13.

O’Keefe, Vincent. “Debunking the Romantic Ideology: A Re-View of Blake’s Jerusalem.” European Romantic Review, VII (1996), 40-48.

Jerusalem is a socially engaged work of literature” (40).

O’Neill, Michael. “Blake and the Self-Conscious Poem.” Pp. 145-59 of Trends in English and American Studies: Literature and the Imagination: Essays in Honour of James Lester Hogg. Ed. Sabine Coelsch-Foisner, Wolfgang Görtschacher, & Holger M. Klein. (Lewiston/Queenston/Lampeter [Wales]: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1996).

“I wish to claim for Blake, then, a simultaneous ability to affirm and question the poet’s role” (149).

Paananen, Victor N. William Blake. (Boston, 1977) Twayne English Authors Series 202 <BBS 597> B. *William Blake: Updated Edition. (N.Y.: Twayne Publishers; London, Mexico City, New Delhi, Singapore, Sydney, Melbourne: Prentice Hall International, 1996) Pp. xxi, 185.

B has an added “Preface to Updated Edition” (ix-xii).

Peterfreund, Stuart. “Blake and the Ideology of the Natural.” Eighteenth-Century Life, N.S., XVIII (1994), 92-119.

The heart of the matter is “Blake—Prophet Against Ideology” (104-14): “Embodied humanity does not live by matter alone; spirit, not by matter at all” (114).

begin page 146 | back to top

*Phillips, Michael. “Blake and the Terror 1792-93.” Library, 6 S, XVI (1994), 263-97 <Blake. (1995)>.

Review

1 R. F. G[leckner], Romantic Movement for 1994 (1995), 44-45 (“A splendid piece of detective work, careful discrimination, and scholarly imagination”).

§*Piquet, François. Blake et le Sacré. ([Paris:] Didier Erudition, 1996) Etudes Anglaises 98. 450 pp., 23 reproductions; ISBN: 2-86460-270-9.

Presumably it is descended from his Doctorat ès lettres of the same title (1981) <BBS 606>.

Piquet, François. “Entre chiliasme et épiphanie: Blake et l’espérance millénariste.” Pp. 143-52 of Évolution et Révolution(s) dans le Grande-Bretagne du XVIIIe siècle: Actes des colloques tenues 1989-1990 á la Sorbonne [organisés par le] Centre d’Etudes anglaises du XVIIIe siècle, Université de Paris III—Sorbonne nouvelle. Ed. Paul Gabriel Boucé. (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1993) Langues et Langages 24.

§Porée, Marc. “Marges/cadres: l’exemple du romantism anglais.” Pp. 177-88 of Cadres et Marges: Actes du quatrième colloque du CICADA: 2, 3, 4 décembre 1993. Ed. Bertrand Rougé. (Paris: Publication de l’université de Paris, 1995).

It is especially about Blake.

Porée, Marc. “Poétique d’une forme brève: Les proverbes de l’enfer Blakiens.” Etudes Anglaises, XLVIII (1995), 395-406.

An intricate argument about the Marriage.

*Prickett, Stephen. “Swedenborg and Blake: The Privatisation of Angels.” Pp. 215-21 of his Origins of Narrative: The Romantic Appropriation of the Bible. (Cambridge: University Press, 1996).

In Blake’s watercolor of “Jacob’s Ladder,” the presence of angelic females and children suggests a Swedenborgian context. The book is about “the way in which the Romantics read the Bible” (xi).

Punter, David. “Legends of the Animated Body: Blake’s Albion and the Body and Soul of the Nation.” Romanticism, I (1995), 161-76.

Punter, David, ed. William Blake. (Basingstoke & London: Macmillan Press Ltd, 1996) New Casebooks 8°, ISBN: 0-333-54596-6 (hardcover) and 0-333-54957-4 (paperback).

The book consists of John Peck & Martin Coyle, “General Editors’ Preface” (ix); David Punter, “Introduction” (1-15) plus

1 George Quasha. “Orc as a Fiery Paradigm of Poetic Torsion.” Pp. 16-35. (“Reproduced in a slightly abbreviated form” from Blake’s Visionary Forms Dramatic, ed. David V. Erdman & John E. Grant [1970].)

2 Jean H. Hagstrum. “Babylon Revisited, or the Story of Luvah and Vala.” Pp. 36-53. (“Slightly abbreviated” from Blake’s Sublime Allegory, ed. Stuart Curran & Joseph A. Wittreich, Jr. [1973].)

3 David E. James. “Angels out of the Sun: Art, Religion and Politics in Blake’s America.” Pp. 54-70. (“Abbreviated” from Studies in Romanticism, XVIII [1979].)

4 Nelson Hilton. “Blake in the Chains of Being.” Pp. 71-93. (Reprinted from his Literal Imagination [1983].)

5 Laura Haigwood. “Blake’s Visions of the Daughters of Albion: Revising an Interpretive Tradition.” Pp. 94-107. (Reprinted from San Jose Studies, XI, No. 2 [1985].)

6 Gavin Edwards. “Repeating the Same Dull Round.” Pp. 108-22. (Reprinted from “the first half” of his essay in Unnam’d Forms, ed. Nelson Hilton & Thomas Vogler [1986].)

7 W. J. T. Mitchell. “Visible Language: Blake’s Wond’rous Art of Writing.” Pp. 123-48. (Reprinted without the section on calligraphy, “Human Letters,” from Romanticism and Contemporary Criticism, ed. Morris Eaves & Michael Fischer [1986].)

8 David Simpson. “Reading Blake and Derrida—Our Caesars neither Praised nor Buried.” Pp. 149-64. (Reprinted from Unnam’d Forms, ed. Nelson Hilton & Thomas Vogler [1986].)

9 David Aers. “Representations of Revolution: From The French Revolution to The Four Zoas.” Pp. 165-87. (Reprinted from the “much longer” form in Critical Paths, ed. Dan Miller, Mark Bracher, & Donald Ault [1987].)

10 Brenda S. Webster. “Blake, Women, and Sexuality.” Pp. 188-206. (Reprinted from Critical Paths, ed. Dan Miller, Mark Bracher, & Donald Ault [1987].)

Purinton, Marjean D. “An Act of Theological Revisioning: William Blake’s Pictoral Prophecy.” Colby Quarterly, XXIX, 1 (March 1993), 33-42 <Blake (1995)§>.

Review

1 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies, LXXIV for 1993 (1996), 325 (“profoundly disorienting”).

§Raine, Kathleen. “C. G. Jung—A Debt Acknowledged.” Harvest: Journal for Jungian Studies, XXXIV (1988-89), 7-22. B. Chapter 13 (167-76) of Jungian Criticism. Ed. Richard Sugg. (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1992) <Blake (1995)§>.

“I would not call myself a ‘Jungian’—Blake is my master,” but “a follower of Blake must be, if not a follower of Jung, at all events a fellow traveler” (B, 168, 167).

Raine, Kathleen. “The Underlying Order: Nature and the Imagination.” Chapter 15 (198-216) of Fragments of Infinity: Essays in Religion and Philosophy: A Festschrift in Honour of Professor Huston Smith. Ed. Arvind Shaara. (Bridport, Dorset: Prism Press; Garden City Park, N.Y.: begin page 147 | back to top Avery Publishing Group; Lindfield, Australia: Unity Press, 1991).

Blake is especially on pp. 201-10; “Let us examine what he is in reality saying” in his myth (206).

§Rexroth, Kenneth. “Poets, Old and New: William Blake.” Pp. 208-09 of his Assays. (New Directions, 1962).

§Richey, William. Blake’s Altering Aesthetic. (University of Missouri Press, 1996) 216 pp., ISBN: 0-8262-1077-5.

§Richey, William. “Neoclassical Gothicism of Blake’s Early Poetry and Art.” Poetica, XXXIX-XL for 1993 (Shubun International Co., Ltd., 1994), 73-91.

Richey, William. “Not Angles but Angels’: Blake’s Pictorial Defense of English Art.” European Romantic Review, VII (1996), 49-60.

Blake’s design of “Non Angeli Sed Angli,” based on James Barry’s Inquiry (1775), refutes the idea that “British artists were incapable of artistic excellence” (49).

Richey, William. “‘One must be master’: Patronage in Blake’s Vala.Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, XXXIII (1993), 705-24.

The account of the fall of Los in Night I reflects Blake’s experience that “By trying to please one patron [William Hayley], he risks offending another [Thomas Butts]” (708).

Riede, David G. “Blake’s Milton: On Membership in the Church Paul.” In Re-membering Milton: Essays in the Texts and Traditions. Ed. Mary Nyquist & Margaret W. Ferguson. (London: Methuen, 1987) <BBS 623> B. Reprinted “in revised form” as “Blake and the Church Blake.” Chapter 1 (33-91) of his Oracles and Hierophants: Constructions of Romantic Authority. (Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press, 1991) Also pp. 4-12 and passim.

Ries, Frank W. D. “Sir Geoffrey Keynes and the Ballet Job.Dance Research, II, No. 1 (Spring 1984), 19-34 <Blake (1995)§>.

An interview with Keynes—all the words are those of Keynes and his collaborators Gwen Raverat (his sister-in-law) and Vaughan Williams (her cousin)—about the Job ballet (BB #2049), with “the original scenario” (30-33).

Rix, Donna S. “Milton: Blake’s Reading of Second Isaiah.” Chapter 7 (106-18, 203-06) of Poetic Prophecy in Western Literature. Ed. Jan Wojcik & Raymond-Jean Frontain. (Teaneck, Rutherford, Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; London & Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1984).

An argument that “on the first six plates of Milton, Blake not only employs almost all of the themes and images of Second Isaiah [Isaiah 40-55], but he also arranges them in an order parallelling the order of their appearance in the prophecy. Most striking of all, perhaps, are the similarities between Blake’s portrait of Milton and Second Isaiah’s portrait of the servant” (106).

§Rogal, Samuel J. “Blake’s ‘And did those feet’ as Congregational Hymn.” Hymn, XLIV, No. 3 (July 1993), 22-25.

Includes a history of its composition and performance.

§*Roob, Alexander. Das hermetische Museum: Alchemie und Mystik. (Cologne: Benedikt Taschen Verlag, 1996) ISBN: 3-8228-8803-6.

Blake is reproduced and explained on pp. 69, 119, 161, 163-64, 174, 182, 192, 201-02, 213-14, 229-31, 259, 296-97, 429, 433, 437, 461, 482, 489, 491, 523, 531, 551, 553, 577, 626, 632-33, 649, 652, 663, 692-93, 696-97.

An English edition is scheduled for 1997.

Rosso, George Anthony, Jr., Blake’s Prophetic Workshop (1993) <Blake (1994)>.

Reviews

1 I[rene] H.C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1993 (1994), 69 (a summary).

2 Andrew Lincoln, Blake, XXIX, 3 (Winter 1995-96), 95-96 (“some of the assumptions and methods involved seem questionable” [95]).

3 Philip Cox, Review of English Studies, N.S., XLVIII (1996), 425-26 (the book “will be of use to new students” of Blake but “fails to contribute in a sustained way to an advancement of our understanding of Blake’s most puzzling epic”). 4 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies, LXXIV for 1993 (1996), 326-27 (“genuinely humanist in its sympathies”).

5 Margaret Storch, Yearbook of English Studies, XXVI (1996), 292 (it is “welcome” and “lucid”).

Rothenberg, Molly Anne. Rethinking Blake’s Textuality (1993) <Blake (1994)>.

Reviews

1 I[rene] H. C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1993 (1994), 69-70 (a “remarkable tour de force,” “an individual though depersonalized response to Blake in post-structuralist and ‘post-post-structuralist’ terms”).

2 Harriet Linkin, Blake, XXIX, 3 (Winter 1995-96), 92-94 (a “few important close readings beautifully ground Rothenberg’s astute but sometimes theory-thick discussion of philosophical and religious contemporary contexts to compensate for whatever imperfections the book contains” [94]).

3 Kathryn S. Freeman, European Romantic Review, VII (1996), 87-90 (the book “offers keen insight” [87]).

4 Margaret Storch, Yearbook of English Studies, XXVI (1996), 292-93 (“challenging and penetrating”).

5 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies, LXXIV for 1993 (1996), 327 (“a subtle book but not a wilful one”).

begin page 148 | back to top

§Rothery, Agnes Edwards. “Four Poets and Four Gardens.” Pp. 51-166 of her Joyful Gardener. (Dodd, 1949).

Probably it is related to her “Mad Poets in the Spring,” Virginia Quarterly Review, III (1927), 250-63 <BB #2583> about John Clare, Blake, Mangan, and Dowson.

Sato, Hikari. “Oothoon no Koe to Kafuchosei Shakai—Blake no Albion no Musumetachi no Genso no Ichikosatsu: The Voice of Oothoon and Patriarchy [On Visions of the Daughters of Albion].” Igirisu Romanha Kenkyu, Igirisu Romanha Gakkai: Essays in English Romanticism, Japan Association of English Romanticism, No. 19-20 (1996), 31-39. In Japanese.

*Sayers, Lesley-Ann. “An enigma more than a landmark.” Dance Now, II, No. 3 (Autumn 1993), 40-47, 49.

The Birmingham Royal Ballet revival of Ninette de Valois’s Job ballet based on Blake’s designs <BB #2049> “is nothing less than a revelation.”

Schock, Peter A. “The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: Blake’s Myth of Satan and its Cultural Matrix,” ELH, LX (1993), 441-70 <Blake (1995>.

Reviews

1 I[rene] H. C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1993 (1994), 70-71 (“the information he has assembled here on the political and intellectual milieu of the time is valuable in itself”).

2 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies for 1993 (1996), 323 (admiring).

*Schwenger, Peter, “Blake’s Box, Coleridge’s Circles, and the Frame of Romantic Vision.” Studies in Romanticism, XXXV (1996), 99-117.

Focuses on Blake’s drawing of “Elisha in the Chamber on the Wall” and “the power of the frame” (116).

*Scott, Grant F. “A Clash of Perspectives: Blake’s Illustrations to the Poem Night Thoughts: At once monumental and elastic, Blake’s powerful images inhabit a world of their own.” Muhlenberg: The Magazine of Muhlenberg College, V, No. 1 (Fall 1993), 10-16.

“Blake often turns Young’s most characteristic features . . . against him” (14). The 10 reproductions are from the Muhlenberg colored copy (C) of Night Thoughts.

Shabetai, Karen. “The Question of Blake’s Hostility Toward the Jews.” ELH, LXI (1996), 139-52.

“I remain puzzled and disturbed by the many examples of hostility that pepper his works,” especially in the debate about Deism, though “Blake appears at best uninterested in the ‘Jewish question’” (139, 149).

Simpson, David. “The Struggle with Albion’s Angels: William Blake.” Pp. 159-67 of his Romanticism, Naturalism and the Revolt Against Theory. (Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1993).

Simpson, Matt. “Blake’s Songs of Innocence and [of] Experience.Critical Survey, IV, No. 1 (1992), 20-27.

“Blake demands . . . that we experience Songs . . . as visionary” (22).

Smith, L. E. W. “The Sick Rose.” Part 6 (61-68) of his Twelve Poems Considered. (London: Methuen & Co Ltd, 1963) B. (1964).

It is the sounds rather than the meanings of the words in this poem that make us feel what it is about” (A, 68).

Solomon, Andrew, Blake’s Job (1995) <Blake (1996)>.

Review

1 Sunao Vagabond [stage name of Andrew Vernède], Journal of the Blake Society (1996), 67-69 (a “marvellous book,” “astoundingly well-informed”).

§Stephens, James. “William Blake.” Pp. 195-201 of his James, Seumas, and Jacques: Unpublished Writings of James Stephens. Ed. Lloyd Frankenberg. (N.Y.: Macmillan, 1964).

*Stevenson, Warren. “Blake’s Myth of Divine Analogy.” Chapter 1 (23-48) of his Romanticism and the Androgynous Sublime. (Madison & Teaneck: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; London: Associated University Press, 1996).

Storch, Margaret, Sons and Adversaries (1990) <BBS 647>.

Review

1 §Adela Pinch, Signs, IX (1993), 264-68.

Sturrock, June. “Protective Pastoral: Innocence and Female Experience in William Blake’s Songs and Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market.Colby Quarterly, XXX (1994), 98-108.

“Both Songs of Innocence and of Experience and Goblin Market present versions of pastoral [in the sense of an idyllic, rural setting] . . . to suggest the state of youthful innocence” (105).

Suzuki, Masashi. Genso no Shigaku: William Blake Kenkyu: Visionary Poetics: A Study of William Blake. (Kyoto: Aporonsha, 1994) ISBN: 4-87041-058-3 C3098 <Blake (1995), 181>.

Review

1 Shigeru Taniguchi, Igirisu Romanha Kenkyu, Igirisu Romanha Gakkai: Essays in English Romanticism, Japan Association of English Romanticism, No. 19-20 (1996), 149-52. In Japanese.

*Suzuki, Masashi. “‘We censure Nature for a Span too short’: William Blake and Night Thoughts II, 115-20.” Pp. 305-26 of Enlightened Groves: Essays in Honour of Professor Zenzo Suzuki. Ed. Eiichi Hara, Hiroshi Ozawa, & Peter Robinson. (Tokyo: Shohakusha, 1996) ISBN: 4-88198-858-1.

begin page 149 | back to top

Swann, Joseph. “The Breaking of Language: Blake and the Development of Yeats’s Imagery.” Pp. 217-31, 344-45 of The Internationalism of Irish Literature and Drama. Ed. Joseph McMinn, with Anne McMaster, & Angela Welch. (Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe, 1992) Irish Literary Studies, 41 <Blake (1996)§>.

“Blake’s whole poetic drift [sic] was to attack and break” “the aesthetic unity of the poem,” and “This was the way Yeats was to think and write” (220, 223).

§Takemura, Masayuki. “Views of the Human Imagination—Blake, Poe [and] Swedenborg.” Eibeibunka [English and American Literature], No. 26 (1996), 41-51.

*Tengberg, Violet. William Blake’s “The Tyger”: En konstvelenskaplig analys och tolkning. C-uppsats vid Konstvelenskapliga Institutionen Göteborgs Universitet. (Handledare: Lars Stockel, Höstterminen, 1994) 66 leaves printed on one-side-only from typescript in Swedish, plus 23 reproductions.

Ff. 20-44 are about the Songs, including a translation of “The Tyger” (f. 60).

Thompson, E. P., Witness Against the Beast: William Blake and the Moral Law (1993) <Blake (1994)>.

Reviews

7 Peter Bradshaw, “Return to dissent,” Evening Standard, 16 December 1993, p. 40 (it shows the “vigour and distinctive Englishness” of Blake and of E. P. Thompson).

8 §Terry Eagleton, NSS, XXVI (1993), 39-40 (cautious praise).

9 §Colin Welch, Spectator, 18-25 December 1993, pp. 70-71.

10 §Alfred Kazin, “The Vision Thing,” New Republic, 21 March 1994, pp. 38-40.

11 J[ohn] P[eter] L[undman], Romantic Movement for 1993 (1994), 70-71 (“an essential corrective to Blake studies which are, far too often, as fantastical as Blake’s own works”).

12 §Nigel Smith, Eighteenth Century, XLIV (1994), 147-55.

13 François Piquet, Etudes Anglaises, XLVIII (1995), 195-98 (this “étude captivante” demonstrates that “Thompson est un admirable connaisseur du monde complex des sectes” [498]).

14 Doug Thorpe, Religion & Literature, XXVIII, No. 1 (Spring 1996), 129 (with Jeanne Moskal, Blake, Ethics, and Forgiveness [1994]) (a summary).

15 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies, LXXIV for 1993 (1996), 328-29 (“at a stroke, Witness Against the Beast makes Blake understandable”).

*Treadwell, James, “Blake, John Martin, and the Illustration of Paradise Lost.Word & Image, IX (1993), 363-82 <Blake (1994)>.

Review

1 I[rene] H. C[hayes], Romantic Movement for 1993 (1994), 72 (a summary).

*Vaughan, Frank A. Again to the Life of Eternity: William Blake’s Illustrations to the Poems of Thomas Gray. (Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press; London: Associated University Presses, 1996) Folio, 139 pp., 116 plates, ISBN: 0-945636-74-1.

“Blake was not much interested in illustrating” Gray; instead, “he fought to free the mind-forged manacles,” “To educate one to rebel,” to implant “not knowledge but a radical burning doubt” (7, 116, 18). Blake’s 116 watercolors for Gray are reproduced in reduced size and monochrome.

Vine, Steven, Blake’s Poetry: Spectral Visions (1993) <Blake (1994)>.

Review

1 Janet Warner, Blake, XXIX, 3 (Winter 1995-96), 96 (“often the critic is undermined by the energy and mystery of his poet,” but “the approach that seemed confusing in The Four Zoas works brilliantly in Vine’s concise discussions of Milton and Jerusalem”).

Viscomi, Joseph, Blake and the Idea of the Book (1994) <Blake (1995)>

Reviews

9 §Daniel Mark Epstein, “The Two William Blakes,” New Criterion, XIII, No. 2 (October 1994), 10-22 (with the five Blake Trust volumes).

10 §Morton D. Paley, Wordsworth Circle, XXV (1994), 198-99 (“revolutionary” and “indispensable”).

11 Thomas G. Tanselle, Nineteenth-Century Literature, XLIX (1995), 534-37 <Blake (1996>§> (a “magnificent achievement” which “will profoundly influence future studies,” but “there could . . . be greater clarity in Viscomi’s use of bibliographical terminology” such as “edition” for “printrun”).

12 §Anon.. Dix-Huitième Siècle, No. 27 (1995—Revue Annuelle).

13 §Hazard Adams, Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, LIII, No. 4 (Fall 1995).

14 §Jeffrey D. Parker, South Atlantic Review, January 1995, 174-76.

15 §Sarah Symmons, British Journal of Aesthetics, XXXV, No. 3 (July 1995), 308-09.

16 Barthélémy Jobert, Revue de l’Art, No. 112 (1996), 78 (with The Continental Prophecies, ed. D. W. Dörrbecker [1995]), and The Urizen Books, ed. David Worrall [1995]) (“magistrale”).

17 §Colin Steel, Australian Book Collector (April 1996) (with Ackroyd’s Blake [1995]).

18 §Margaret Storch, Modern Language Review, XCI, No. 2 (1996), 458-59 (with Jean Moskal, Blake, Ethics, and Forgiveness [1994]).

19 S. L. M., Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 138e Année (1996), 20 (a summary).

begin page 150 | back to top

20 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies for 1993 (1996), 521-22 (it displays “staggering logic”).

Wada, Ayako. “Blake’s Vala/The Four Zoas: The Genesis of Night I as a Preludium.” Igirisu Romanha Kenkyu, Igirisu Romanha Gakkai: Essays in English Romanticism, Japan Association of English Romanticism, No. 19-20 (1996), 5-14.

The Preludium (Night I, 3-7) “reversed this archetypal vision of the Fall . . . in the America Preludium,” and in its further revision “The poem suffered the fatal structural wounds when it had hardly been given shape” (11, 12).

Ward, Aileen. “The Forging of Orc: Blake and the Idea of Revolution.” Tri-Quarterly, XXIII-XXIV (1972), 204-07 <BB #A1918>. B. §Pp. 204-27 of Literature in Revolution. Ed. George Abbott & Charles Hamilton Newman. (N.Y.: Holt, 1972).

Ware, Tracy. “Bring ‘Gladness out of Sorrow’: By the Aurelian Wall.” Pp. 111-27 of Bliss Carman: A Reappraisal. Ed. Gerald Lynch. (Ottawa, London, Paris: University of Ottawa Press, 1990) Reappraisals: Canadian Writers <Blake (1994)§>.

“Carman’s indebtedness to Blake is obvious and extensive”; in “The Country of Har: For the Centenary of Blake’s Songs of Innocence,” Athenaeum (1890) reprinted in By the Aurelian Wall (1898), “Har is the ideal of England” (119, 118).

§Wemyss, Henry. “Blake Watercolours from The Frick Collection.” Sotheby’s Preview (November 1996), 18-19.

§Williams, John. “Place of William Blake in Relationship to the Growth of Radical Thought in England.” York University D.Phil., 1974.

Wilmott, Richard; Brian Alderson; Colin A. St John Wilson; Michael Saunders. “Newton statue.” Times, 10 August 1992, p. 11 (Wilmott & Alderson), 13 August 1993, p. 11 (Wilson & Saunders).

Paolozzi’s statue of Newton after Blake’s design for the new British Library is “a cultural gaffe” (Wilmott), “demonstrates the BL’s failure to apprehend the artist’s meaning” (Alderson), is creditable because “ambivalent” and “equivocal” (Wilson, a member of the BL committee) and because “whereas Blake’s figure is impotent and exposed to the elements, Paolizzi’s is immensely strong and powerful [sic]” (Saunders, chairman of the British Library board).

§Winegarten, R. “The Apocalyptic Vision of William Blake.” Pp. 3-19 of his Writers and Revolution: The Fatal Lure of Action. (New Viewpoints, 1974).

§Wolf, Edwin. William Blake as an Artist

The unpublished book was offered with Wolf’s Blake papers by §Jonathan Hill, Catalogue 98 (1996), Lot 54, for $7,500 (see Essick, Marketplace, 1996). Wolf’s sometime collaborator Ruthven Todd published his own book called William Blake as an artist.

Wright, Julia M. “‘And None Shall Gather the Leaves’: Unbinding the Voice in Blake’s America and Europe.European Romantic Review, VII (1996), 61-84.

“Blake appropriates the homology between biological and non-biological creativity to address the politics of the copied text” (77).

Young, Gerard. “Blake’s Felpham paintings on exhibition in Manchester.” Post, 17 May 1969.

Review of the exhibition of Blake’s Heads of the Poets for Hayley’s Library at the City Art Gallery (Manchester) <BB #697>.

Youngquist, Paul. “Reading the Apocalypse: The Narrativity of Blake’s Jerusalem.Studies in Romanticism, XXXII (1993), 601-25.

The “contingent narrativity of Jerusalem” works by “ramification and incursion” (613).

Review

1 David Worrall, Year’s Work in English Studies, LXXIV for 1993 (1996), 327.

Zamir, Shamoon. “The Artist as Prophet, Priest and Gunslinger: Ishmael Reed’s Cowboy in the Boat of Ra.Callaloo: A Journal of Afro-American and African Arts and Letters, XVII (1994), 1205-35.

Partly about the contexts of Blake and Yeats in Reed’s poem “I am a cowboy in the boat of Ra.”

Division II: Blake’s Circle

Cromek, Robert Hartley (1770-1812)

Entrepreneur, Patron and Exploiter of Blake David Alexander. “Cromek, Robert Hartley.” Vol. VIII, p. 186 of The Dictionary of Art. Ed. Janet Turner. (N.Y.: Grove’s Dictionaries; London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1996).

Cumberland, George (1754-1848)

Polymath, Blake’s Friend, Correspondent, and Collaborator

David Rodgers. “Cumberland, George.” Vol. VIII, p. 264 of The Dictionary of Art. Ed. Janet Turner. (N.Y.: Grove’s Dictionaries; London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1996). Thomas Johnes. A Land of Pure Delight: Selections from the Letters of Thomas Johnes of Hafod, Cardiganshire (1748-1816). Ed. Richard J. Moore-Colyer. (Llandysul: Gomer Press, 1992).

An account of “George Cumberland” (62-65) precedes letters from Johnes to him of 1784-1815. In a letter to Robert Anderson of 29 January 1808, Johnes says that in Malkin’s Father’s Memoirs of His Child (1806) <BB #482>

begin page 151 | back to top

“You will see an account of Blake and an eulogium of your humble servant. Blake is certainly verging on the extravaganza” (230).

Flaxman, John (1756-1826)

Sculptor, Friend of Blake

David Bindman. “Flaxman, John.” Vol. XI, pp. 161-63 of The Dictionary of Art. Ed. Janet Turner. (N.Y.: Grove’s Dictionaries; London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1996).

Fuseli, John Henry (1741-1825)

Artist, Friend of Blake

David Blayney Brown. “Fuseli, Henry [Johann Heinrich Füssli].” Vol. XI, p. 862 of The Dictionary of Art. Ed. Janet Turner. (N.Y.: Grove’s Dictionaries; London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1996).

Linnell, John (1792-1882)

Painter and Engraver, Blake’s Patron

Christina Payne. “Linnell, John (ii).” Vol. XIV, pp. 426-28 of The Dictionary of Art. Ed. Janet Turner. (N.Y.: Grove’s Dictionaries; London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1996).

Palmer, Samuel (1805-81)

Artist, Blake’s Disciple

David Blayney Brown. “Palmer, Samuel.” Vol. XXIII, pp. 844-47 of The Dictionary of Art. Ed. Janet Turner. (N.Y.: Grove’s Dictionaries; London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1996).

Richmond, George (1809-96)

Artist, Blake’s Disciple

David Blayney Brown. “Richmond, George.” Vol. XXVI, pp. 353-54 of The Dictionary of Art. Ed. Janet Turner. (N.Y.: Grove’s Dictionaries; London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1996).

Varley, John (1778-1842)

Artist, Astrologer, Friend of Blake

Anne Lyles. “Varley, John.” Vol. XXXI, pp. 908-09 of The Dictionary of Art. Ed. Janet Turner. (N.Y.: Grove’s Dictionaries; London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1996).

Abbott, George 150

Ackroyd, Peter 123, 128, 134, 141, 142

Adams, Hazard 134, 149

Aers, David 144, 146

Ahlstrom, Chrispin 134

Alderson, Brian 150

Alexander, David 150

Allsup, James O. 135

Alonso, Mariano Vázquez 128

Ananda, Dharmachari 134

Annwn, David 134, 142

Anzai, Keiko 135

Aoyama, Keiko 121, 132, 135, 137

Arakawa, Mitsuo 135

Ault, Donald 144, 146

Baldwin, Michael 135

Baridon, Michel 144

Barry, Kevin 135

Bate, Jonathan 134

Becker, Felix 139

Beer, John 135

Behrendt, Stephen 135

Bemrose, John 134

Benthall, Jonathan 140

Bentley, E. B. 121

Bentley, G. E., Jr. 121, 123, 132, 136, 137, 138, 141

Bentley, Julia G. 121

Bg, D. 145

Bindman, David 136, 151

Blaicher, Günther 144

Bogan, James 123, 141

Boucé, Paul Gabriel 146

Bowra, Cecil Maurice 138

Bracher, Mark 144, 146

Bradford, Richard 138

Bradshaw, Peter 149

Brammer, Marsanne Carolee 138

Brown, David B. 132

Brown, David Blayney 151

Brown, Marshall 138

Browne, Max 137

Bull, Malcolm 138

Butlin, Martin 132, 137

Butt, William 138

Butter, P. H. 128

Byrne, John 121

Cadogan, Peter 142, 144

Cantor, Paul 134

Caplan, David 137

Caramés, J. L. 124

Castoren, Gunnar 138

Chauvin, Danièle 138

Chayes, Irene H. 136, 138, 139, 147, 148

Chou, Wen-ping i 128

Cieszkowski, Krzysztof 129

Clark, David L. 144

Clark, Steve 138, 143

Clarke, Lorraine 138

Cloudsley, Tim 139

Coelsch-Foisner, Sabine 145

Commander, John 124, 125, 126, 128, 138

Cooksey, Thomas L. 144

Corugedo, S. G. 124

Courthope, William John 138

Cox, Philip 147

Cox, Stephen 137, 138, 145

Cranston, Maurice 138

Crisman, William 138

Curran, Stuart 139, 146

Davie, Donald 139

Davies, J. M. Q. 139

Davies, Keri 132, 136, 137

Davis, Mike 125

Davreu, Robert 138, 139

Day, Aidan 139

de Campos, Augusto 128

de Diego, Estella 133

Den Otter, A. G. 139

Dewhurst, Jim 141

Dillingham, Thomas F. 141

Dirda, Michael 134

Dörrbecker, D. W. 121, 126, 128, 139, 149

Doulton, Valerie 137

Eagleton, Terry 149

Eaves, Morris 125, 126, 128, 137, 139, 146

Edwards, Gavin 141, 146

Edwards, Michael 141

Eglinton, Guy C. 135

Eliot, T. S. 139

Endo, Toru 139

Engetsu, Katsuhiro 139

Epstein, Daniel Mark 124, 125, 126, 128, 149

Erdman, David V. 132, 138, 139, 146

Ernst, C. 140

Espinosa, Gabriel Sánchez 133

Essick, Robert N. 121, 123, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 136, 137

Esterhammer, Angela 140

Fausset, Hugh I’anson 140

Feldman, Paula R. 136

Ferber, Michael 126, 137

Ferguson, Margaret W. 147

Ferlazzo, P. J. 145

Fischer, Michael 138, 139 146

Fitch, Donald 132, 138

Frankenberg, Lloyd 148

Fraser, Kennedy 134

Freeman, Arthur 121

Freeman, Kathryn S. 140, 147

Frontain, Raymond-Jean 147

Fuller, David 132, 139

Furtwangler, Albert 140

Gamer, Michael 137

Gassenmeier, Michael 144

Gilbert, R. A. 133

Glausser, Wayne 140

Gleckner, Robert F. 136, 140, 146

begin page 152 | back to top

Glendening, John 140

Gómez, Monserrat 133

Görtschacher, Wolfgang 145

Gott, Ted 132

Goyder, George 140, 142

Grant, John E. 139, 146

Grenfell, Michael 123, 141

Groves, David 140

Grundy, Thomas E. 140

Gurley, George 134

Gurney, Stephen 140

Hagstrum, Jean H. 139, 146

Haigwood, Laura 140, 146

Hallett, Mark 139

Halloran, William 121

Hamlyn, Robin 122, 133

Hampton, Christopher 140

Hàn, Francois 124

Hara, Eiichi 149

Harbison, Robert 140

Harman, Clare 140

Harris, R. W. 140

Hart, Patrick 144

Harvey, Giles 121

Hayes, Elliot 137, 140

Heath, Tim 134, 140

Henderson, Jeff 141

Henshaw, William 128

Hilton, Nelson 121, 141, 146

Hobson, Christopher Z. 141

Hoerner, Fred 141

Hoffman, Ted 121

Holten, Ragnar von 141

Howell, Heather 121, 125

Ima-Izumi, Yoko 132, 137

James, David E. 141, 146

James, G. Ingli 141

James, G. Ingli. 141

James, Joan E. 141

Jobert, Barthélémy 126, 128, 149

Johnes, Thomas 151

Jones, Thomas 129

Jossua, Jean-Pierre 141

Journal of the Blake Society at St James 122, 141

Joyce, Sarah 135, 142

Kaiensi, G. 125

Kamijima, Kenkichi 142

Kaplan, Marc A. 142

Kawasaki, Noriko 123, 132, 142

Kazin, Alfred 143, 149

Kewell, Kevin 142

Keynes, Geoffrey 125

Kim, Ok Yub 143

Kim, Young Shik 143

Kimbrough, Kay 144

King, James 143

Klein, Holger M. 145

Kochov, Joshu 128

Kovel, Joel 143

Lamb, Jonathan 139

Landers, Linda Ann 128

Leavis, F. R. 143

Lincoln, A. W. J. 143

Lincoln, Andrew 123, 125, 137, 138, 141, 143, 147

Linkin, Harriet 137, 147

Lisovska, Olga 129

Löchle, Dieter 144

Locke, Louis Glenn 138

Loughnan, Michael 137

Lundeen, Kathleen 138

Lundman, John Peter 149

Lyles, Anne 151

Lynch, Gerald 150

Lynch, J. T. 144

Mackenzie, J. S. 144

Macve, Jennifer 129

Maeda, Yoshihiko 144

Mañe, Pablo 128

Manguel, Alberto 128, 134

Matsushima, Shoichi. 144

McKennitt, Lorena 137

McMaster, Anne 149

McMinn, Joseph 149

Mee, Jon 124, 125, 142

Meller, Horst 144

Merton, Thomas 144

Metzdorf, Robert F. 132

Miller, Dan 144, 146

Millgate, Michael 121

Mitchell, W. J. T. 139, 146

Monreal, Luis 133

Moore, Donald 129

Moore-Colyer, Richard J. 151

Morán, Adela 133

Morse, David 144

Morton, A. L. 144

Moskal, Jeanne 121, 123, 137, 144

Muhlestein, Daniel K. 145

Muir, William 126

Murry, John Middleton 145

Nemerov, Howard 145

Newman, Charles Hamilton 150

Niikura, Shunichi 145

Niimi, Hatsuko 143, 145

Northrup, James 121

Norvig, Gerda S. 145

Nyquist, Mary 147

Odden, Danile 145

O’Keefe, Richard 123, 145

O’Keefe, Richard Robert 145

O’Keefe, Vincent 145

O’Neill, Michael 121, 145

Orr, Chris 136

Ozawa, Hiroshi 149

Paananen, Victor N. 123, 145

Pagnini, Marcello 124

Paley, Morton D. 121, 124, 125, 143, 149

Parker, Jeffrey D. 149

Payne, Christina 151

Peterfreund, Stuart 123, 145

Phillips, Michael 143, 146

Pinch, Adela 148

Piquet, Franćois 123, 125, 138, 144, 146, 149

Plowman, Max 128

Porée, Marc 146

Pound, Alan 125

Prickett, Stephen 123, 146

Punter, David 122, 123, 139, 146

Purinton, Marjean D. 146

Quasha, George 139, 146

Raine, Kathleen 146

Read, Dennis M. 128, 137

Rexroth, Kenneth 147

Richey, William 123, 147

Riede, David G. 147

Rix, Donna S. 147

Robinson, Peter 149

Rodgers, David 150

Rodney, Paul Wayne 137

Rogal, Samuel J. 147

Roob, Alexander 147

Rosso, George Anthony, Jr. 137, 147

Rothenberg, Molly Anne 123, 137, 147

Rothery, Agnes Edwards 148

Rougé, Bertrand 146

Rubinstein, Chris 141

Russell, A. G. B. 139

Sacks, Russell B. 133

Sampson, John 128

Sato, Hikari 148

Sayers, Lesley-Ann 148

Schock, Peter A. 148

Schuchard, Marsha Keith 136

Schwenger, Peter 148

Sclater, Andrew 129

Scott, Grant F. 148

Serraller, Francisco Calvo 133

Shaara, Arvind 147

Shabatai, Karen 123, 148

Shantigarbha 133

Sharman, Margaret 121

Simpson, David 136, 141, 146, 148

Simpson, Matt 148

Sinclair, Iain 124, 125, 126, 128, 134

Singh, G. 143

Smirnov, Dmitri 121

Smith, L. E. W. 148

Smith, Nigel 149

Solomon, Andrew 148

Steel, Colin 134, 150

Steer, Francis W. 132

Stepanova, Sergeia 128

Stephens, James 148

Stevens, David 128

Stevenson, W. H. 125

Stevenson, Warren 136, 148

Storch, Margaret 145, 147, 148, 150

Sturrock, June 148

Sugg, Richard 146

Suied, Alain 124

Suzuki, Masashi 148

Swann, Joseph 149

Sweet, Nanora 137

Symmons, Sarah 149

Takemura, Masayuki 149

Taniguchi, Shigeru 148

Tanselle, Thomas G. 149

Tengberg, Violet 123, 149

Thieme, Ulrich 139

Thompson, E. P. 145, 149

Thorne, Gary 137

Thorpe, Doug 145, 149

Todd, Ruthven 150

Treadwell, James 149

Turner, Janet 136, 150

Vagabond, Sunao 142

Vaughan, Frank A. 123, 129, 149

Vernède, Andrew 142, 148

Vice, John 136

Villena, Elvira 133

Vine, Steven 137, 149

Viscomi, Joseph 121, 122, 125, 126, 128, 136, 137, 149

Vogler, Thomas 141, 146

Vultee, Denise 137

Wada, Ayako 150

Ward, Aileen 136, 150

Ware, Tracy 150

Warner, Janet 137, 149

Webster, Brenda S. 144, 146

Welch, Angela 149

Welch, Colin 149

Wemyss, Henry 150

Whittaker, Jason 138, 141, 145

Wilkie, Brian 139

Williams, John 150

Wilmott, Richard 150

Wilson, Colin A. St John 150

Wilson, Pauline 141

Windle, John 124

Winegarten, R. 150

Wittreich, Joseph A., Jr. 139, 146

Wojcik, Jan 147

Wolf, Edwin 150

Worrall, David 121, 126, 128, 136, 138, 139, 141, 143, 145, 148, 149, 150

Wright, Julia M. 123, 150

Yang, Xianyi 121

Yang, Yi 125

Yongosa, Sisa 129

Young, Gerard 150

Youngquist, Paul 150

Zalite, Tamara 129

Zamir, Shamoon 150

Print Edition

  • Publisher
  • Department of English, University of Rochester
  • Rochester, NY, USA
    • Editors
    • Morris Eaves
    • Morton D. Paley
    • Managing Editor
    • Patricia Neill
    • Bibliographer
    • G.E. Bentley, Jr.
    • Review Editor
    • Nelson Hilton
    • Associate Editor for Great Britain
    • David Worrall
    • Contributors
    • G.E. Bentley, Jr.
    • Robert N. Essick

    Digital Edition

    • Editors:
    • Morris Eaves, University of Rochester
    • Robert Essick, University of California, Riverside
    • Joseph Viscomi, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
    • Project Manager
    • Joe Fletcher
    • Technical Editor
    • Michael Fox
    • Previous Project Manager and Technical Editor
    • William Shaw
    • Project Director
    • Adam McCune
    • Project Coordinator, UNC:
    • Natasha Smith, Carolina Digital Library and Archives
    • Project Coordinator, University of Rochester:
    • Sarah Jones
    • Scanning:
    • UNC Digital Production Center
    • XML Encoding:
    • Apex CoVantage
    • Additional Transcription:
    • Adam McCune
    • Jennifer Park
    • Emendations:
    • Rachael Isom
    • Mary Learner
    • Adam McCune
    • Ashley Reed
    • Jennifer Park
    • Scott Robinson
    • XSLT Development:
    • Adam McCune
    • Joseph Ryan
    • William Shaw
    • PHP and Solr Development:
    • Michael Fox
    • Adam McCune
    • Project Assistants:
    • Lauren Cameron,
    • Rachael Isom,
    • Mary Learner,
    • Jennifer Park,
    • Ashley Reed,
    • Adair Rispoli,
    • Scott Robinson
    • Sponsors
    • Funders
    • Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly
    • William Blake Archive
    • Carolina Digital Library and Archives
    • Use Restrictions
    • Copyright © 2015 Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly, all rights reserved. Items in this digital edition may be shared in accordance with the Fair Use provisions of U.S. copyright law. Redistribution or republication on other terms, in any medium, requires express written consent from the editors and advance notification of the publisher. Permission to reproduce the graphic images in this digital edition rests with the owning institutions.